The Mexican Bird of Paradise, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, is a vibrant, drought-tolerant shrub known for its striking red, orange, and yellow blossoms. Growing this plant from seed offers a rewarding experience. This guide covers the process from seed preparation to caring for young plants.
Preparing Mexican Bird of Paradise Seeds
Germination begins with proper seed preparation. The seeds possess a hard outer coat that requires softening to allow water absorption and initiate sprouting. This process, known as scarification, can be achieved by gently rubbing the seeds with fine sandpaper or nicking them with a knife or nail clippers. The goal is to create a small abrasion in the seed coat, not to damage the inner embryo.
After scarification, soaking the seeds further aids in softening the seed coat and encourages germination. Place the abraded seeds in warm water for 24 to 48 hours. Seeds that absorb water will swell, indicating readiness for planting. If some seeds do not swell, they may need to be re-scarified and soaked again.
Planting Materials and Setup
For the planting medium, a well-draining seed starting mix is suitable, as Mexican Bird of Paradise is susceptible to root rot in overly wet conditions. Alternatively, a custom blend of peat moss and perlite, or a fast-draining potting mix formulated for succulents, works well.
Containers like seed trays, small 2-4 inch pots, or biodegradable pots are suitable. All containers must have drainage holes. Other useful tools include a watering can with a fine rose, a heat mat to maintain consistent warmth, and a clear dome or plastic wrap to create a humid environment.
Sowing the Seeds
First, fill your chosen containers with the prepared planting medium, ensuring it is level but not overly compacted. Gently moisten the medium thoroughly before planting, allowing any excess water to drain. Next, create small depressions in the center of each container for the seeds.
Plant seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep. Carefully place one prepared seed into each depression. In seed trays, maintain adequate spacing for growth and air circulation. After placing the seeds, lightly cover them with the planting medium. Water gently to settle the soil without dislodging seeds.
Germination and Early Seedling Care
Seeds require consistent warmth (70-85°F / 21-29°C) to sprout. A heat mat can provide this warmth. High humidity, achieved by covering containers with a clear dome or plastic wrap, is also beneficial.
While maintaining humidity, ensuring good air circulation is important to prevent mold. Once seedlings emerge, they require bright, indirect light. As the seedlings grow and develop a few true leaves, gradually reduce the humidity by progressively removing the dome or plastic wrap over several days. Maintain consistent soil moisture; avoid waterlogging to prevent root rot.
Transplanting Young Plants
Once seedlings develop a few true leaves and appear sturdy, they are ready for transplanting. If moving plants outdoors, hardening off is beneficial. This involves gradually acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions over 7-14 days.
Start by placing them in a sheltered outdoor location, protected from direct sun and strong winds, for short periods daily. Gradually increase their outdoor time and exposure to sun and wind each day. This toughens their cell structure and reduces transplant shock. When transplanting, carefully remove seedlings, minimizing root disturbance. Plant them into new, larger pots with well-draining potting mix or directly into a prepared garden bed, considering their mature size and preference for full sun.