Lilies (Lilium) bring dramatic color and intense fragrance to the garden. These perennial flowers grow from bulbs that lack the protective outer skin found on tulips or daffodils, meaning they dry out quickly and require planting soon after purchase. Successfully establishing these plants requires careful attention to the environment and a specific planting procedure. This guide focuses on the practical steps needed to plant lily bulbs for a rewarding display.
Site and Soil Preparation
Selecting the right location is the first step toward a thriving lily display. Lilies flourish best in full sun, meaning at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily, though they can tolerate partial shade. Insufficient light causes the stems to stretch and become spindly.
The most crucial factor is ensuring excellent drainage, because lily bulbs are highly susceptible to rot in soggy soil. If water pools on the site for several hours after a heavy rain, the location is not suitable without significant amendment. Lilies tolerate various soil types, but the texture should be loose, loamy, and rich in organic matter.
To improve heavy clay or compacted soil, loosen the ground to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. Incorporating a two-to-four-inch layer of organic amendments, such as compost, leaf mold, or aged manure, will enhance the soil structure. This ensures water moves away quickly from the bulb, preventing moisture buildup that can lead to fungal issues.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide
Once the soil is prepared, attention to depth and orientation ensures proper rooting and stability. The general rule is to dig a hole deep enough so the top of the bulb is covered by soil two to three times the bulb’s height. For an average-sized bulb, this translates to a planting depth of four to six inches.
Planting the bulb deeply keeps it cool during hot summer temperatures and encourages strong roots above the bulb, which stabilizes the tall plant. Place the lily bulb in the hole with the roots facing down and the pointed end, called the nose, facing up. The bulb should be positioned this way even if a small sprout is visible.
Lilies create the best visual impact when planted in small groups of three to five bulbs. Space individual bulbs approximately 8 to 18 inches apart, depending on the mature size of the variety. After placement, gently backfill the hole with the amended soil, lightly pressing the soil to eliminate air pockets without heavy compaction.
Immediate Post-Planting Care
The final steps after planting focus on settling the soil and providing initial protection. The newly planted area must be watered thoroughly and deeply. This initial soaking settles the soil around the bulb’s basal plate, initiating root growth and eliminating air pockets.
After the water drains, apply a two-inch layer of organic mulch, such as straw, pine needles, or shredded leaves. Mulch keeps the soil cool and moist, which lilies prefer, and helps suppress weed competition. For taller varieties, place a sturdy stake into the ground at the time of planting to avoid damaging the bulb later.
If planting in the fall, the mulch layer protects the bulb from temperature fluctuations that cause the ground to heave, potentially tearing new roots. In areas with rodents, consider burying the bulbs inside a protective wire cage, as lily bulbs can be an attractive food source for burrowing animals. Consistent moisture should be maintained, though standing water must be avoided as the bulb establishes itself.