Amaryllis plants are popular for their vibrant, showy flowers, bringing color to indoor spaces, especially during colder months. Their striking appearance and straightforward care appeal to both seasoned gardeners and new cultivators. These blooms are often associated with holiday seasons due to their timely winter flowering.
Understanding Amaryllis
The plant commonly called Amaryllis is botanically Hippeastrum. Originating from tropical and subtropical South America, this bulbous perennial produces large, trumpet-shaped flowers with colors ranging from deep reds, pinks, and whites to oranges and various bicolors. While often confused with Amaryllis belladonna, a different South African species, Hippeastrum is widely cultivated indoors for its dramatic display.
Planting Amaryllis Bulbs
To plant an amaryllis bulb, select an appropriate pot. Choose a container with drainage holes, one to two inches wider than the bulb’s widest part and about twice its height for root development. A well-draining potting mix prevents waterlogging. Fill the pot halfway with potting mix, then position the bulb so its roots rest on the soil.
The bulb should be set so that one-third to one-half of its body remains exposed above the soil line. Add soil around the bulb, firming it down to secure it, but avoid covering the exposed portion. After planting, water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, ensuring the mix is moist but not saturated. Proper drainage prevents bulb rot.
Amaryllis Care
Amaryllis plants thrive in bright, indirect light once growth begins. As the flower stalk emerges, move the plant to a location where it receives direct sunlight for robust growth. Rotate the pot every few days to ensure the stalk grows straight and prevents leaning. Once the flower buds begin to open, moving the plant out of direct sunlight and into a cooler location, around 60°F to 65°F (15-18°C), can extend the bloom period.
Water when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry. Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, but avoid letting the pot sit in standing water to prevent bulb rot. Reduce watering once the plant is actively blooming to prolong the flowers. During the active growth phase, amaryllis prefers temperatures between 65°F and 75°F (18-24°C).
Fertilization can begin once new growth is visible. A balanced liquid fertilizer can be applied every two to four weeks at half the recommended strength. This supports energy storage for future blooms. Stop fertilizing around mid-August to prepare the plant for dormancy.
Encouraging Rebloom
To encourage rebloom, provide post-bloom care. After the flowers fade, cut the spent flower stalks to prevent seed formation and energy depletion. Leave the foliage intact, as leaves gather energy through photosynthesis to nourish the bulb for the next cycle.
For summer care, after all danger of frost and temperatures consistently above 50°F (10°C), the potted amaryllis can be moved outdoors. Gradually acclimate the plant to brighter light, moving it from shade to a spot with at least six hours of daily sun. Continue to water and fertilize regularly throughout the summer, allowing leaves to develop and store nutrients. Bring the plant indoors before the first frost in the fall.
To initiate dormancy, stop watering and fertilizing in late summer or early fall. Allow leaves to yellow and wither naturally, then cut them back to about two inches from the bulb. Store the potted bulb in a cool, dark location at temperatures between 50°F and 60°F (10-15°C) for eight to twelve weeks. Do not water during this dormant period.
After the dormancy period, move the bulb to a warmer, brighter spot. Repotting with fresh potting mix can be done at this time. Resume watering sparingly at first, then increase as new growth emerges. New growth should appear within a few weeks, leading to another bloom cycle.
Common Amaryllis Problems
A common issue is amaryllis failing to bloom. Failure to bloom can result from insufficient light during active growth, inadequate dormancy, or an immature bulb lacking stored energy. Ensuring adequate light, proper fertilization, and a complete dormancy period can help promote flowering.
Amaryllis can attract pests like mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites. Pests can cause yellowing leaves or stunted growth. Minor infestations can be managed by wiping affected areas with rubbing alcohol, using insecticidal soap, or a forceful spray of water.
Fungal diseases like red blotch can affect amaryllis. Red blotch manifests as red spots or lesions on leaves, flower stalks, or the bulb. Proper watering, good air circulation, and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent fungal issues. Heavily infected bulbs may need to be discarded to prevent spread.
Floppy stems are another concern, often occur when heavy flowers cause the tall stalk to bend. Place a sturdy stake alongside the bulb at planting time to provide support as the plant grows, preventing flopping.