Anubias congensis is a hardy and attractive plant frequently used in freshwater aquariums, known for its deep green, lance-shaped leaves and adaptable nature. Originating from West Africa, this species thrives in low-light conditions and a wide range of water parameters. Unlike many aquatic plants that draw nutrients primarily through their roots in the substrate, Anubias congensis is an epiphyte, meaning it naturally grows attached to hard surfaces like rocks and driftwood. Understanding the proper planting technique is paramount for the plant’s long-term health, as incorrect placement can lead to decay. This guide details the necessary preparation, the specific rule for successful planting, and the methods for securing this plant.
Pre-Planting Preparation
Before introducing Anubias congensis to the aquarium, the plant requires thorough preparation. Most plants purchased from suppliers come rooted in a plastic pot filled with rockwool or a nutrient gel. This material must be removed completely, as it can introduce unwanted debris or chemicals into the tank environment.
Carefully peel away the rockwool or rinse the gel from the root system under slow-running water to expose the bare roots. Use a pair of sterilized, sharp scissors to trim any excessively long, damaged, or decaying roots, which will encourage new growth. Any yellowing or damaged leaves should also be cleanly snipped at the base of the petiole to direct the plant’s energy toward healthy new leaves.
The Critical Planting Rule: Protecting the Rhizome
The fundamental difference between Anubias congensis and typical stem plants lies in its anatomy, specifically the rhizome. The rhizome is the thick, horizontal stem from which the leaves sprout upward and the roots grow downward. This structure acts as the plant’s main energy storage and growth point, making its health essential for the plant’s survival.
The critical rule for all Anubias species is that the rhizome must never be fully buried beneath the substrate, whether it is gravel, sand, or soil. If the rhizome is covered, it is cut off from the oxygenated water column, which leads to a condition called anoxia. This lack of oxygen causes the rhizome to quickly rot and “melt,” resulting in the death of the entire plant. The roots can be buried to anchor the plant, but the firm rhizome must remain exposed to the water.
Step-by-Step Attachment Methods
Since the rhizome cannot be buried, Anubias congensis is secured to hardscape elements like driftwood or porous rock. These hardscape elements provide a stable, elevated surface for the plant to attach to, mimicking its natural growing conditions. Over time, the plant’s roots will naturally anchor themselves to the texture of the wood or rock.
One common method is Tying, which involves using a thin, non-toxic material like cotton thread, fishing line, or a rubber band. Wrap the thread loosely around the rhizome and the chosen piece of hardscape, ensuring the rhizome is held firmly but not so tightly that the material cuts into the plant tissue. The securing material can be left in place until the roots have fused to the hardscape, which may take several weeks.
The second method is Gluing, which uses cyanoacrylate-based super glue, specifically the gel type. This type of glue is aquarium-safe and cures quickly, even when wet. Apply a small amount of the gel glue directly to the hardscape, then press the underside of the rhizome and its roots onto the glue. Hold it in place for 10 to 30 seconds until a bond is formed.
Post-Planting Environment and Care
Once the plant is secured, maintaining the correct environment ensures its long-term success. Anubias congensis thrives under low to moderate lighting conditions, which is generally sufficient for its slow growth rate. High-intensity lighting should be avoided, as it can accelerate the growth of green spot algae on the plant’s thick, slow-growing leaves.
The plant is adaptable to a wide range of water parameters, tolerating a pH between 5.5 and 9.0 and temperatures from 72°F to 82°F (22°C to 28°C). While it absorbs nutrients primarily from the water column, good circulation is beneficial for delivering these nutrients and preventing stagnant water buildup. Liquid fertilizers rich in micronutrients like iron and potassium can be beneficial, but the plant often grows well using only the nutrients present from fish waste.