The Bird of Paradise, a common name for the Strelitzia genus, is a tropical perennial prized for its dramatic, crane-like flowers. The two most popular varieties are the orange-and-blue flowered Strelitzia reginae and the larger, white-flowered Strelitzia nicolai. These plants deliver a bold, exotic aesthetic, whether grown outdoors in warm climates or kept as towering houseplants. Achieving successful establishment requires careful attention to environmental conditions and proper planting technique to ensure vibrant foliage and distinctive blooms thrive.
Understanding Ideal Growing Conditions
The Birds of Paradise plant originates from South Africa and requires a consistently warm environment. It is hardy outdoors only in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Zones 10 through 12, where temperatures rarely drop below 50°F (10°C). In cooler regions, the plant must be grown in containers so it can be moved indoors before the first frost.
Optimal flowering depends on sufficient light exposure, requiring a location that receives full sun to partial shade. While full sun promotes the most prolific blooms, plants in intensely hot climates benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent leaf scorch. Indoor plants need bright, direct light for several hours a day to encourage flower production.
These plants thrive in fertile, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. Soil drainage is arguably the most important factor, as the thick, fleshy roots are highly susceptible to rot if they sit in standing water. An ideal soil pH ranges from slightly acidic to neutral, typically between 5.5 and 7.5.
Preparing the Plant and Planting Site
Spring or early summer is the best time to plant, minimizing transplant shock and allowing the plant to establish its root system during the active growing season. Before removing the plant from its nursery container, water it thoroughly to hydrate the roots and make the root ball easier to handle.
The planting hole should be prepared by digging it two to three times the width of the root ball. Dig the hole only as deep as the root ball is tall, ensuring the plant will sit at the correct level. Amendments like well-aged compost or composted manure should be blended into the native soil removed from the hole to improve fertility and drainage.
Once removed from the pot, the root ball must be inspected and prepared. If the roots are tightly matted or circling, they are considered root-bound. Gently loosen or “tease” the outer roots with your fingers to encourage them to grow outward into the new soil. For a severely bound root mass, making several shallow, one-inch vertical cuts around the circumference will help break the root pattern and stimulate new growth.
The Physical Planting Process
Place the prepared plant into the center of the hole, paying careful attention to the planting depth. The top of the root ball, known as the crown, must be level with the surrounding soil surface. Planting too deeply can lead to crown rot and inhibit flowering, so it is safer to plant slightly high than too low.
If the native soil is heavy clay or drains poorly, consider planting the bird of paradise half as deep and then mounding the improved soil around the exposed root ball. This creates a raised bed effect, which significantly aids water runoff and protects the roots from prolonged saturation. Backfill the hole with the amended soil mixture, working it around the roots to eliminate large air pockets.
Once the hole is filled, lightly tamp the soil with your hands to settle it and ensure good contact with the roots. Avoid heavy stomping, as this causes compaction. Immediately after planting, water the area deeply and slowly until the soil is fully saturated, which helps to further settle the soil and remove any remaining small air pockets.
Establishing the Plant
The first few weeks are crucial for minimizing transplant shock and ensuring the plant’s successful transition. Maintain consistent moisture in the soil during the establishment period, which can last for up to six months. The goal is evenly moist soil, not a soggy environment, so always check the soil moisture before watering again.
Applying an organic mulch layer helps to conserve moisture and regulates the soil temperature. Spread two to three inches of wood chips or pine needles over the planting area, but ensure the mulch is pulled back several inches from the plant’s base. Allowing mulch to sit directly against the crown can trap moisture and encourage stem rot.
Monitor the plant for signs of stress, such as severe wilting or yellowing of the leaves. If the location is windy or the plant is top-heavy, temporary staking may be necessary to prevent the large, paddle-like leaves from tearing or the plant from leaning. Providing this temporary support and consistent, balanced moisture will help the plant recover quickly and begin its robust growth phase.