Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands found throughout the body, playing an integral role in the immune system. They function as filters, trapping foreign particles and housing immune cells that help fight off infections and diseases. This guide provides information on how to locate and gently examine the axillary, or armpit, lymph nodes for educational purposes. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and any health concerns should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Understanding Axillary Lymph Nodes
Axillary lymph nodes are located in the armpit region, arranged in clusters that drain lymph fluid from the arm, breast, and upper back. They are part of the lymphatic system, which transports lymph fluid and white blood cells throughout the body. Their function is to filter this fluid, removing waste and trapping harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells.
Within these nodes, immune cells, like lymphocytes, multiply and activate in response to threats. During infection or inflammation, these cells proliferate rapidly, causing lymph nodes to enlarge. This enlargement is a normal response, indicating the immune system is active.
Preparing for Palpation
Before examination, find a comfortable, relaxed posture. Sit or stand upright, with the arm being examined slightly abducted or resting comfortably. Ensure the area is well-lit, though palpation relies primarily on touch.
Relax arm and shoulder muscles, as tense muscles make lymph nodes harder to feel. Use the pads of your second, third, and fourth fingers for palpation. These sensitive pads provide the best tactile feedback for accurate assessment.
The Palpation Technique
To palpate axillary lymph nodes, use the opposite hand (e.g., left hand for right armpit). Place extended fingers and palm flat against the armpit skin, ensuring broad contact. Gently press into the armpit, feeling for distinct structures.
Systematically cover the entire axillary region:
Guide fingers up into the apex of the armpit, near the shoulder joint, then gently sweep downwards.
Move fingers across the central part of the armpit, covering the area of axillary hair.
Shift fingers towards the front of the armpit, along the pectoral muscle, then towards the back, along the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Extend palpation along the inner aspect of the upper arm, near the armpit.
Use a gentle but firm circular motion with your finger pads during each sweep, pressing into the tissue to feel for small, pea-sized structures.
Interpreting What You Feel
Normal axillary lymph nodes are often not palpable. If palpable, normal nodes are typically small (less than 1 centimeter), soft, and rubbery. They should also be mobile (movable under fingertips) and non-tender.
However, characteristics warranting further attention include significantly enlarged nodes, perhaps larger than a pea or a marble. Nodes that are firm, hard, or fixed (immovable under the skin) also warrant closer evaluation. Tenderness, irregular shapes, or a cluster of fused enlarged nodes may also be noted.
Self-palpation is primarily for awareness, not self-diagnosis. Many factors cause lymph node changes; most enlarged nodes are a benign response to common infections or inflammation (e.g., cold, flu, minor cut).
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Consult a healthcare professional if you discover any new or unusual armpit lumps during self-examination. If an existing palpable node changes in size, texture, or becomes increasingly tender, seek medical advice. Any persistent swelling not resolving within a few weeks also warrants professional evaluation.
If you notice other symptoms accompanying an enlarged lymph node, such as unexplained fever, night sweats, significant weight loss, or persistent fatigue, contact a doctor. A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action, potentially involving a comprehensive examination and additional diagnostic tests.