Medical oxygen cylinders deliver supplemental gas to individuals with respiratory conditions. The gas is stored under very high pressure, often around 2000 pounds per square inch (PSI) when full. Operating this equipment requires strict adherence to procedure because concentrated oxygen significantly increases the intensity of combustion. This guide outlines the proper method for activating an oxygen cylinder valve.
Essential Equipment for Oxygen Delivery
The cylinder is a high-strength container, typically made of steel or aluminum, designed to hold the compressed medical oxygen. The main cylinder valve, located at the top, functions as the primary shut-off point for the gas supply. This valve must be opened to allow the gas to exit the tank, usually using a handwheel or a specialized wrench.
Attached to the main valve is the pressure regulator assembly, which transforms the high internal tank pressure into a safe, usable pressure. This assembly includes a content gauge that displays the remaining pressure inside the cylinder. The regulator also incorporates a flow meter, which allows the user to set the specific rate of oxygen delivery. This flow rate is measured in liters per minute (LPM) and is determined by a medical professional.
Step-by-Step Procedure for Safe Activation
Before opening the cylinder valve, ensure the regulator is properly and securely attached to the cylinder outlet. Confirm that the flow meter control knob is set to the “off” or zero position to prevent a sudden surge of oxygen when the main valve is opened. Also, ensure the cylinder is secured upright to prevent it from falling over during activation.
When opening the main cylinder valve, always stand to the side of the cylinder, never directly in front of or behind the regulator assembly. This placement acts as a safety measure against a sudden pressure release or equipment failure. The valve must be turned very slowly, typically counter-clockwise if it is a handwheel, to initiate the gas flow into the regulator.
The slow-turn technique is important because rapid opening can cause a sudden temperature increase in the regulator, potentially igniting contaminants present. Continue turning the valve until it is fully open. This may be one full turn or until the valve stem is “backseated,” depending on the cylinder design. Opening the valve completely helps prevent the stem from leaking or sustaining wear.
Once the valve is fully open, observe the content gauge on the regulator to confirm the pressure reading. A full tank will read around 2000 PSI. Next, adjust the flow meter knob to the specific flow rate prescribed in liters per minute (LPM).
The prescribed flow rate should align with the number indicated on the flow meter, whether it is a ball-in-tube style or a dial selector. After setting the flow, verify that oxygen is flowing through the delivery device, such as a nasal cannula or mask, by checking for the sound or feel of the gas. To turn the system off, the process must be reversed to relieve the pressure in the regulator.
First, turn the main cylinder valve clockwise until it is completely closed, shutting off the source gas supply. Next, allow the oxygen to flow through the delivery device until the content gauge reads zero; this is known as “bleeding the line.” This step depressurizes the regulator and supply line, preventing equipment damage and ensuring safety before storage or disconnection. Finally, turn the flow meter knob back to the zero position.
Safety Precautions and Storage
Oxygen is not flammable, but it is a powerful oxidizer, meaning it accelerates combustion. For this reason, all heat sources, open flames, and smoking materials must be prohibited near the cylinder and the patient using the oxygen. This precaution includes keeping electric blankets, hair dryers, and cooking appliances away from the equipment.
Never allow oil, grease, petroleum-based ointments, or any flammable materials to contact the cylinder, valve, or regulator. These substances can spontaneously ignite in the presence of concentrated oxygen, creating a fire hazard. Users must ensure their hands and any tools used are clean and free of these contaminants.
Cylinders must always be secured upright using a stand, cart, or chain to prevent tipping over. Tipping could damage the valve and cause a rapid, uncontrolled gas release. Store the equipment in a well-ventilated, clean, and dry area, away from any combustible items. The storage location should also avoid extreme temperatures, as excessive heat increases the internal pressure of the gas.
Regularly inspect the cylinder and regulator for signs of damage, such as dents, leaks, or wear on the connections. If you notice damage or a leak, close the main valve immediately and contact your equipment supplier or healthcare provider. Never attempt to repair the cylinder or regulator yourself, as this high-pressure equipment requires specialized expertise.