Scalp psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition where the immune system signals skin cells to grow too quickly, leading to a buildup on the scalp’s surface. This accelerated cell turnover creates thick, discolored patches, known as plaques, which are often covered in silvery-white scales. The primary goal of moisturizing is to soften these hard, adherent plaques, which reduces the associated dryness, itching, and visible flaking. Softening the plaques makes them less rigid, allowing for gentle removal and better penetration of medicated treatments.
Preparing the Scalp for Hydration
Effective hydration requires first addressing the thick, excess scaling that prevents moisturizers and therapeutic agents from reaching the underlying skin. These scales are often softened using keratolytic agents. Medicated shampoos containing ingredients like salicylic acid work as a keratolytic, helping to lift and soften the psoriatic scale.
Coal tar is another common preparatory agent that slows the rapid growth of skin cells and softens the scales. When using these specialized shampoos, massage them gently into the scalp and leave them in contact for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing. After softening the scales, physical removal should be done with extreme care, using a fine-toothed plastic comb flat against the scalp and rotating it gently. Aggressive scratching or picking at the plaques must be avoided, as any injury to the skin can trigger new psoriasis lesions.
Selecting Moisturizing Ingredients and Products
Occlusives
Occlusives are highly effective because they form a physical barrier on the scalp’s surface, minimizing water loss. Examples include petroleum jelly, mineral oil, and natural options like olive or coconut oil, which are beneficial for softening thick plaques.
Emollients
Emollients are substances, such as shea butter, coconut oil, or jojoba oil, that contain lipids and fatty acids. They smooth the skin and fill in the spaces between shedding skin cells, lubricating the skin and making plaques more flexible and less likely to crack. Unlike occlusives, emollients primarily focus on conditioning and smoothing the skin surface.
Humectants
Humectants, such as glycerin and urea, work by drawing water into the outermost layer of the skin, increasing the water content of the plaques. Urea also possesses mild keratolytic properties, aiding in gently softening the outer layer of skin cells. For significant dryness, heavier ointments and creams are preferred over light lotions, as their richer texture provides sustained moisture.
Application Methods and Treatment Routines
Applying moisturizers effectively to a hairy scalp requires targeted techniques to ensure the product reaches the skin underneath the hair shafts. One practical method involves parting the hair into small sections and using a dropper, syringe, or cotton swab to apply the product directly onto the psoriatic plaques. Gently massaging the moisturizer into the affected areas helps promote absorption and stimulates the loosening of scales.
For intensive moisturizing, a technique called occlusion enhances the penetration of active ingredients. This method involves covering the treated scalp area with a barrier, such as a shower cap or plastic wrap, after applying a thick ointment or oil. Occlusion traps heat and moisture, allowing the product to penetrate deeper into the thick plaques. This intensive treatment is typically left on for 30 to 60 minutes or overnight before being washed out with a medicated or regular shampoo. The frequency of moisturizing should be guided by the severity of the dryness, with daily spot treatments helping to maintain comfort between intensive weekly occlusion treatments.
Maintaining Scalp Moisture Through Daily Habits
Sustaining the benefits of moisturizing requires incorporating preventative habits that minimize moisture loss and irritation.
- Avoid high heat: High heat strips the scalp of its natural protective oils, leading to increased dryness. Use lukewarm water when washing hair and limit the use of heat-styling tools like blow dryers.
- Choose mild products: Use fragrance-free hair products, as harsh chemicals and strong fragrances can irritate a sensitive skin barrier.
- Use a humidifier: In dry indoor environments, particularly during winter, a humidifier can mitigate environmental dryness. Maintain indoor humidity levels between 30% and 50% to help keep the skin hydrated.