A stoma is a surgically created opening, typically on the abdomen, that allows bodily waste to exit the body. This opening reroutes the flow of stool or urine from a portion of the intestine or urinary tract. This article focuses on accurately measuring a stoma, a fundamental step in its proper management.
Why Accurate Measurement Matters
Precise stoma measurement is fundamental for maintaining healthy skin and comfort. A properly sized ostomy appliance forms a secure seal around the stoma. This prevents waste leakage onto the surrounding skin, which can lead to irritation and skin breakdown. An accurate fit also minimizes discomfort and pain.
Conversely, an ill-fitting appliance can cause complications. If the opening is too small, it can constrict the stoma, potentially leading to trauma or swelling. If too large, exposed skin around the stoma becomes vulnerable to waste irritation, creating a moist environment conducive to bacterial or fungal growth. Consistent, correct sizing is important for preventing complications and promoting skin integrity.
Tools and Preparation
Before measuring, gather the necessary tools. A stoma measuring guide, often provided by an ostomy product manufacturer or healthcare professional, is the primary tool. This guide typically features concentric circles or cut-outs of varying diameters. A pen or marker, a small mirror, and a clean cloth or paper towel are also helpful.
Preparing the skin around the stoma is equally important for accurate measurement and hygiene. Gently clean the skin with warm water and mild soap, or use a barrier wipe designed for ostomy care. Ensure the skin is completely dry before proceeding, as moisture can affect adhesion and measurement accuracy. A clear, unobstructed view of the stoma is necessary for precise sizing.
Step-by-Step Measurement
Measuring a stoma precisely ensures the best fit for an ostomy appliance. Begin by holding the stoma measuring guide directly over the stoma, centering the smallest opening. Slowly move outwards to larger openings until you find the size that perfectly frames the stoma without touching or constricting it. This opening should allow the stoma to pass through comfortably while leaving minimal exposed skin around its base.
Once the appropriate opening on the measuring guide is identified, note the corresponding diameter or size. This measurement represents the exact size needed for the ostomy appliance’s skin barrier. There should be approximately a 1.5 to 3 mm gap between the stoma and the edge of the measuring guide to allow for slight movement and prevent constriction. It is advisable to measure the stoma at different times of the day, as its size can fluctuate due to factors like digestion or hydration. Taking multiple measurements over a few days can help establish a consistent size range.
For stomas that are not perfectly round, such as oval or irregular shapes, it is important to measure at the widest and longest points. Many measuring guides include options for these non-circular shapes or provide instructions on how to adapt. The appliance opening should accommodate the largest dimensions, ensuring no part of the stoma is compressed. Marking the identified size on the measuring guide or a piece of paper helps for future reference and ordering supplies. This consistent approach to measurement helps maintain skin health and appliance security.
When to Re-Measure and Seek Advice
A stoma’s size and shape can change over time, necessitating regular re-measurement to maintain an optimal fit. Post-operative swelling typically subsides within six to eight weeks after surgery, leading to a reduction in stoma size. Regular measurement is especially important during this initial period.
Significant weight fluctuations can also alter the abdominal contour and, consequently, the stoma’s dimensions.
Other indicators that suggest a need for re-measurement include persistent leakage around the appliance or any discomfort experienced around the stoma site. Changes in the stoma’s appearance, such as swelling, retraction, or prolapse, also warrant a re-evaluation of its size. If an individual consistently experiences issues despite careful measurement, seeking guidance from an ostomy nurse or other healthcare professional is recommended. These specialists can offer personalized advice, troubleshoot fit issues, and provide ongoing support.