Bleeding in the mouth can be alarming, though it often appears more serious than it is due to mixing with saliva. Most instances are minor and can be managed at home, but knowing how to react is important.
Immediate Steps to Control Bleeding
When mouth bleeding occurs, apply direct pressure to the affected area. Use a clean piece of gauze or cloth, pressing firmly for 10 to 15 minutes without interruption. This consistent pressure helps facilitate natural clotting. If the cloth becomes saturated, place another clean cloth directly over the first without removing it, as lifting could disrupt a forming clot.
Gently rinse the mouth with cool water. Avoid vigorous rinsing or frequent spitting, as these actions can dislodge newly formed blood clots. Elevating the head by sitting upright and tilting the chin forward allows blood to drain, which can prevent nausea or vomiting. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the outside of the cheek near the injury for 15 to 20 minutes can reduce swelling and numb pain.
When to Seek Professional Help
While many instances of mouth bleeding are manageable at home, certain situations require immediate professional attention. If bleeding persists despite applying direct pressure for 15 minutes or longer, or if there are large or deep cuts, a medical or dental evaluation is needed.
Signs of infection, such as increasing pain, swelling, redness, or pus around the wound, warrant prompt medical consultation. Difficulty breathing or swallowing after a mouth injury, or bleeding following a head injury or significant trauma, also necessitates immediate medical evaluation.
Common Causes of Mouth Bleeding
Mouth bleeding can stem from various common sources. Minor injuries, such as accidentally biting the lip, tongue, or cheek, are frequent culprits, often resulting in temporary bleeding. Gum disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is a widespread cause; inflammation due to plaque buildup can make gums sensitive and prone to bleeding, especially during brushing or flossing.
Aggressive brushing or flossing techniques can also irritate gum tissue and lead to bleeding. Canker sores, which are small, painful ulcers, can bleed if disturbed. Bleeding may also occur after certain dental procedures, like tooth extractions or new fillings. Additionally, certain medical conditions or medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the likelihood of oral bleeding by affecting clotting ability.