Electrolyzed water is a powerful cleaning and disinfecting solution created through electrolysis using water, salt, and electricity. This process transforms a basic saltwater mixture into a cleaner and sanitizer. The resulting solution contains active molecules that effectively neutralize microorganisms and break down grime without relying on harsh, synthetic chemicals. Producing this solution safely at home requires attention to the specific materials and steps.
Gathering the Necessary Materials
The foundational components for creating electrolyzed water are readily available, but selecting the right materials is important for safety and efficacy. You will need a non-metallic container, such as a glass or plastic beaker, to hold the solution, as metal can interfere with the chemical stability of the finished product. The reagents required are distilled water and pure, non-iodized salt, like kosher salt. Using iodized salt or tap water with many dissolved minerals can introduce unwanted byproducts during the reaction.
The essential electrical components include a direct current (DC) power source, such as a 9-volt battery or a low-voltage DC adapter, and two electrodes. The electrodes conduct electricity into the saltwater solution. Graphite or titanium electrodes are preferred because they are less reactive and minimize the introduction of metallic ions into the solution, which could shorten the solution’s shelf life. Simpler metals like copper or iron should be avoided, as they will degrade and contaminate the water.
The Electrolysis Process: Step-by-Step
The initial step involves preparing the saline solution, which acts as the electrolyte for the reaction. A safe starting concentration is to dissolve approximately 6 to 12 grams of non-iodized salt for every 2 liters of distilled water, a low concentration intended for general household sanitizing. Stir the solution thoroughly until the salt is completely dissolved, creating a homogeneous brine.
Next, the electrodes must be connected to the power source: one to the positive terminal (the anode) and the other to the negative terminal (the cathode). Submerge both electrodes into the saline solution. Ensure they do not touch each other, as this would cause a short circuit. Once the electrodes are submerged and separated, apply the electrical current to begin electrolysis.
As the current flows, the sodium chloride and water molecules break apart, leading to a visible reaction at the submerged electrodes. Small bubbles will form at both the anode and the cathode. The anode produces the primary disinfecting agent, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The cathode produces a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which serves as a cleaning agent.
The duration of the electrolysis process directly influences the concentration of the active ingredients in the final solution. For low-concentration solutions suitable for disinfection, the process may need to run for an estimated 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the power source and desired concentration level. Monitoring the process for visual cues, such as the consistent formation of bubbles and a faint, chlorine-like smell, indicates the reaction is progressing as expected. Once the desired time has elapsed, the power must be disconnected before the electrodes are removed from the solution.
Safe Handling and Storage of the Solution
The finished electrolyzed water, containing hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide, requires specific handling to maintain its effectiveness and ensure safe use. The solution should be immediately transferred into a clean, airtight container that is opaque, as exposure to light and air significantly degrades the active hypochlorous acid molecules. Storing the solution in a cool, dark location, such as a refrigerator, can help slow this natural degradation process.
Electrolyzed water has a limited shelf life, and its potency decreases over time. For maximum sanitizing effectiveness, the solution is best used fresh, ideally within a few weeks of production. After this period, the solution may still function as a general cleaner but will lose its reliable disinfecting properties. Proper labeling of the storage container is necessary to identify the contents and the date of creation. One of the advantages of electrolyzed water is that once it has been used, it naturally reverts back to a simple saltwater solution, allowing for straightforward disposal.