A temporary sling immobilizes the arm and shoulder after a suspected rotator cuff strain or tear. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint. By cradling the arm securely against the body, a makeshift sling reduces the pull of gravity and muscle spasms, preventing further damage. This immediate stabilization is a short-term measure to provide comfort and protection until professional medical treatment can be obtained.
Gathering Materials for a Temporary Sling
Creating a functional temporary sling requires a large, non-stretchy piece of material to reliably support the forearm’s weight. The ideal material is a square piece of cloth, approximately 40 inches (one meter) on each side, sourced from common household items. Options include a cotton bedsheet, a large bath towel, a substantial scarf, or a pillowcase. Avoid thin, elastic, or silky fabrics, as they may stretch and fail to provide firm support. Once selected, the material should be folded diagonally to create the large triangle needed for the sling.
Step-by-Step Guide to Creating the Sling
Position the triangular cloth so the longest edge (the base) runs parallel to the body. Gently place the injured arm across the chest, bending it at the elbow to roughly a 90-degree angle. The point of the triangle should be placed directly beneath the elbow of the injured arm, ensuring the material extends past the wrist toward the hand. Bring the lower end of the base up over the shoulder of the injured side, and the upper end of the base up over the shoulder of the uninjured side.
With the arm fully cradled, secure the two ends of the sling behind the neck. Tie the knot on the side of the neck that is uninjured to prevent pressure from resting on the spine or painful shoulder muscles. A simple square knot is sufficient for security, though padding the knot with a small piece of cloth can improve comfort. Adjust the knot so the forearm is securely suspended and the sling is snug enough to hold the arm’s weight without restricting breathing.
Ensuring Correct Positioning and Fit
Proper positioning minimizes tension on damaged tendons and keeps the humerus stable within the glenoid socket. The elbow must be maintained at approximately a 90-degree bend, allowing the forearm to rest horizontally across the torso. Ensure the hand and wrist are slightly elevated above the elbow. This elevation encourages venous return and helps prevent dependent swelling in the fingers and hand, a common side effect of immobilization.
The sling should completely support the forearm from the elbow crease to the wrist, leaving the fingertips visible at the edge of the material. After securing the knot, immediately check the injured limb for signs of compromised circulation. Look for changes in fingertip color (paleness or blue tint), and assess the hand’s temperature and sensation. If the fingers feel cold, appear discolored, or if numbness or tingling is reported, the sling is too tight and must be loosened instantly to restore proper blood flow.
Immediate Next Steps and Seeking Medical Attention
A homemade sling is a temporary solution and does not replace professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Once the temporary support is in place, immediately arrange for medical attention, especially if there is severe pain, a visible deformity, or an inability to move the fingers. While waiting for care, apply ice to the shoulder area to manage inflammation and pain. The ice pack should be wrapped in a thin towel and placed over the injured shoulder for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. The arm must remain completely at rest within the sling, avoiding any movement that could re-injure the tendon structures.