Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition characterized by dry, red, and intensely itchy patches of skin. While modern medicine offers various treatments, salt water soaks are a long-standing, traditional supplemental therapy used to manage uncomfortable symptoms. Creating and using a proper salt water solution can temporarily relieve inflamed skin, reducing irritation and providing comfort. This guide provides detailed instructions for preparing and applying a safe, effective salt water solution to complement your existing eczema management plan.
Understanding the Healing Mechanism
Salt water calms eczematous skin through anti-inflammatory and mild antimicrobial actions. The mineral content, particularly magnesium, is believed to soothe the irritated skin barrier and reduce inflammation. The solution also acts as a weak antiseptic, which is beneficial because compromised skin is easily colonized by bacteria.
Eczema flare-ups are frequently associated with an overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin surface. Salt water helps reduce the colonization of these microbes, which may lessen the severity of the rash and accompanying itch. Soaking in a mineral-rich solution also supports the skin barrier function, which is often impaired in people with eczema, by helping to reduce transepidermal water loss.
Choosing Salt and Preparing the Solution
The solution’s effectiveness depends on the type of salt used and achieving the correct concentration. Dead Sea salt is often recommended due to its mineral profile, including high levels of magnesium, potassium, and calcium, which offers the greatest benefit for inflammatory skin conditions. Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) is also a popular choice providing anti-inflammatory effects, though it lacks the broad mineral spectrum of Dead Sea salt. Standard table salt (sodium chloride) offers fewer therapeutic minerals and can be more drying.
For a full-body bath, a common starting concentration is one to two cups of salt added to a standard-sized bathtub filled with lukewarm water. To mimic natural sea water salinity, some practitioners suggest a higher ratio, such as one kilogram of salt per 30 liters of bath water. Ensure the salt is completely dissolved before soaking by mixing it into very warm water first, then pouring the solution into the tub. The water temperature must be lukewarm, not hot, as hot water strips the skin of natural oils and worsens irritation.
For localized treatments, such as hand or foot soaks, use approximately one tablespoon of salt per gallon of lukewarm water. The goal is a gentle brine, not an overly saturated solution that could sting or irritate broken skin. Always mix the solution in a clean basin until the salt grains are fully integrated.
Application Methods and Treatment Duration
The salt solution can be applied in several ways, depending on the extent and location of the eczema flare. A full-body bath is the most common method, allowing the entire skin surface to benefit from the mineral-rich water. Submerge your body and relax in the lukewarm solution for a maximum of 10 to 20 minutes; soaking longer can cause the skin to dry out.
Localized Soaks and Compresses
For smaller, isolated patches, localized soaks are a practical option. Soak affected hands or feet directly in the prepared basin for 10 to 20 minutes. Alternatively, saturate a clean cloth or gauze with the solution to create a compress. This compress can be gently applied to localized areas that are difficult to soak.
Be aware that salt water may cause an initial stinging sensation if the skin is severely cracked or has open sores. If the stinging is intense or does not subside quickly, discontinue the soak immediately to prevent further irritation. Treatment frequency varies, but many find relief using the bath two to three times per week, or daily during a moderate to severe flare-up.
Post-Treatment Moisturizing Routine
The steps following the salt water soak are often referred to as “soak and seal.” First, gently rinse your skin with plain, lukewarm water to remove all salt residue. Rinsing prevents the salt from remaining on the skin and drawing out moisture as it dries, which would negate the soak’s hydrating benefits.
After rinsing, use a soft, clean towel to pat the skin lightly, leaving it slightly damp. Avoid rubbing vigorously, as this friction can re-irritate sensitive skin. The remaining dampness is crucial for sealing the moisture into the skin.
Within a three-minute window of stepping out of the water and gently drying, liberally apply your prescribed or preferred emollient or moisturizer. This application locks the water absorbed during the soak into the outer layer of the skin. Using a high-oil content moisturizer, such as an ointment or thick cream, is most effective for creating this moisture barrier and preventing dryness.