Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, heart, muscles, kidneys, and brain. When these tissues are damaged, AST can leak into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels. AST is often associated with liver health and is commonly measured to assess its function.
Understanding Elevated AST
Normal AST levels typically range from 8 to 40 units per liter (U/L) for adults. Elevated AST levels often signal tissue damage, particularly to the liver.
Common reasons for elevated AST include liver inflammation from conditions like hepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Alcohol abuse is a significant cause of liver damage and can lead to increased AST. Certain medications, muscle injuries, and heart conditions can also contribute to higher AST readings. Levels exceeding 40 U/L may indicate inflammation or damage, with very high levels (above 1,000 U/L) potentially indicating severe liver injury.
Dietary and Lifestyle Approaches
Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support liver health. Consume non-starchy vegetables and whole fruits, which provide fiber and antioxidants beneficial for the liver. Choose lean proteins like fish, poultry, beans, and nuts while limiting processed foods, unhealthy fats, and excessive sugar.
Reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption is a key step, as excessive alcohol intake can significantly damage the liver and elevate AST levels. Maintaining a healthy weight through gradual weight loss can improve AST levels, especially for individuals with obesity or metabolic syndrome, major risk factors for fatty liver disease.
Regular physical activity can help improve liver function and may reduce elevated AST. Exercise can promote weight loss, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation, all beneficial for liver health. Adequate hydration is essential, as water plays a role in detoxification processes and supports optimal liver function.
Reviewing current medications with a healthcare professional is advisable, as some drugs, including certain nonprescription pain relievers like acetaminophen, statins, antibiotics, and anti-seizure medications, can impact liver enzyme levels. A doctor can determine if any medications are contributing to elevated AST and if adjustments are needed.
Addressing Underlying Health Issues
Elevated AST levels are often a symptom of an underlying health problem, meaning that truly lowering AST requires treating the root cause. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes. Managing NAFLD through lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, is crucial.
Other conditions that can lead to increased AST include various forms of hepatitis (viral, autoimmune), cirrhosis, hemochromatosis (iron overload), and certain thyroid disorders. Celiac disease can also cause liver enzyme elevations. These conditions necessitate accurate diagnosis and specific medical treatments.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Elevated AST levels always warrant a consultation with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and management. Self-treatment based solely on enzyme levels is not advised, as a medical professional can determine the exact cause. They can recommend further tests, such as a complete liver panel, viral hepatitis serology, or an abdominal ultrasound, to identify the underlying issue.
A doctor can monitor AST levels, interpret them within the context of a patient’s overall health, and recommend appropriate interventions, which may include specific medical treatments or adjustments to existing medications. Regular follow-up check-ups are important for managing high AST levels.