New turf (sod) is pre-grown grass harvested in rolls or squares, complete with roots and soil. While it provides an instant lawn, it is a living plant severed from its established root system. Immediate care is necessary because sod is highly vulnerable to drying out and cannot draw moisture from the underlying soil. The first few weeks are paramount to encourage anchoring and survival.
Establishing the Roots: The Critical Watering Phase
The first two weeks following installation are the most intensive period, focusing entirely on hydration to stimulate root growth. Water the new turf immediately after installation to prevent root hairs from drying out and settle the sod against the soil. Saturate the ground beneath the sod so the top three to four inches of soil are consistently moist.
For the initial 10 to 14 days, the turf requires frequent, shallow watering, often twice or even three times daily in hot, dry weather. Water in the early morning and again in the afternoon to keep the grass hydrated during the hottest parts of the day. Avoid watering late in the evening, as moisture on the grass blades overnight can promote fungal diseases.
To confirm new root penetration, gently lift a corner of the sod. If the piece remains firmly attached and resists being pulled up, the roots are successfully knitting into the soil. If the sod lifts easily, it needs more time and consistent moisture. Strictly avoid both foot traffic and mowing during this period to prevent shifting the sod pieces and tearing the newly forming roots.
The First Mow and Traffic Management
The transition to a regular maintenance schedule begins when the sod is firmly rooted, typically 10 to 14 days after laying. The first mowing should only take place when the turf is securely anchored and has grown to a height of three to four inches. Premature mowing can tear the sod, stressing the grass and damaging the developing root system.
When the time for the first cut arrives, sharpen the mower blades to ensure a clean slice rather than tearing the grass, which creates entry points for disease. Set the mower to its highest setting and follow the one-third rule, removing no more than one-third of the grass blade height. This high cut reduces stress and encourages deeper root development.
Gradually adjust the watering regimen from frequent, short sessions to less frequent, deeper applications. This encourages roots to grow downward in search of moisture, enhancing drought tolerance. Light foot traffic can begin once the sod passes the tug test, but avoid heavy activity or play for about four weeks to ensure full establishment.
Long-Term Nutrition and Health
Once the turf is securely rooted, attention shifts to providing nutrients for long-term health. Do not apply fertilizer immediately after installation; the sod already contains sufficient nutrients from the farm. Applying fertilizer too soon can “burn” the new grass and interfere with root establishment.
A mild, balanced, time-release fertilizer is best applied four to six weeks after laying the sod. Look for a blend with a higher concentration of phosphorus, as this nutrient stimulates strong root growth. Following the initial application, implement a standard lawn maintenance schedule, focusing on monitoring for pests and weeds. Hand-pulling weeds is the safest method early on to avoid chemical interference with the young root system.