The accumulation of gas in an ostomy pouch, known as “ballooning,” causes the appliance to swell. This leads to discomfort, noise, and can potentially loosen the seal from the body. Ballooning occurs when the volume of gas entering the pouch exceeds the rate at which it can be vented, either naturally or through an integrated filter. Understanding how to safely release this trapped air and implementing strategies to minimize its production are practical ways to manage this challenge. This guide provides actionable steps for safely venting a ballooned pouch, alongside long-term strategies to reduce gas buildup.
Step-by-Step Guide to Venting the Pouch
The technique for releasing air, often called “burping,” depends on the type of pouching system used. For a drainable pouch, the most straightforward method is to slightly open the tail closure or drain port. Position yourself over a toilet or in a private space and gently unroll the closure just enough to break the seal without releasing output. Applying light, upward pressure to the pouch body helps push the trapped air toward the opening.
Pouches with an integrated filter are designed to vent gas continuously. If the filter becomes saturated or blocked by liquid output, however, ballooning can still occur. If the filter is compromised, manually vent the pouch as if it were a filterless system.
For closed-end or non-drainable pouches, air can be released by gently separating the two-piece system from the flange. Alternatively, utilize specialized accessories like external air release vents that can be attached to any pouch type. These vents allow a quick release of pressure on demand but should be used in a private location due to potential odor. Always ensure the skin barrier remains securely adhered while venting to prevent leakage or irritation.
Common Causes of Ostomy Ballooning
The primary source of gas accumulation is the natural process of digestion. Bacteria in the gut ferment undigested food components, producing gas that passes through the stoma. Foods containing resistant starches or specific carbohydrates, such as beans, broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts, are known to increase gas production. Artificial sweeteners like sorbitol and high-fiber fruits also contribute significantly to gas volume.
Behavioral factors increase the amount of air swallowed, which travels directly into the digestive tract. Activities like chewing gum, smoking, and drinking carbonated beverages introduce excess air that accumulates in the pouch. Eating rapidly, talking while chewing, and drinking through straws also cause a person to inadvertently swallow air. Furthermore, if a pouch’s built-in filter becomes wet from liquid output or bathing, it can become saturated and ineffective, preventing continuous gas release and causing rapid ballooning.
Preventing Excessive Gas Buildup
Long-term management of ballooning involves intentional adjustments to diet and eating habits. Modifying the intake of known gas-producing foods is an effective strategy, though individual tolerance varies significantly. Monitor common culprits like onions, garlic, dairy products, and carbonated drinks, tracking the effects of reduced consumption using a food diary.
Changing mealtime behaviors helps minimize the amount of air swallowed. Eating slowly, chewing food thoroughly, and avoiding talking while eating are simple modifications. It is also helpful to avoid drinking through straws and to limit or eliminate chewing gum and tobacco products.
Specialized ostomy products offer an additional layer of defense against gas and odor. Pouches with charcoal filters are recommended, as they allow gas to escape continuously while neutralizing odor. If a pouch lacks a filter or if the filter clogs easily, use deodorizing drops or an internal pouch lubricant to manage odor during manual venting. Maintaining adequate hydration is also important, as it helps regulate output consistency, preventing filter blockage and supporting healthy digestion.