A dislocated thumb occurs when the bones forming a joint in the thumb are forced out of their normal alignment. This displacement can happen at either the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, located at the base of the thumb, or the interphalangeal (IP) joint, which is closer to the thumb’s tip. Such an injury can result from various incidents, including falls, accidents, or sports-related trauma where the thumb is forcefully hyperextended or jammed.
Identifying a Dislocated Thumb
Recognizing a dislocated thumb involves distinct visual and sensory cues. A prominent sign is a visible deformity or misalignment of the thumb, where it may appear crooked or misshapen. There might be an obvious bump or an unnatural angle at the affected joint.
Upon injury, intense, sharp pain is experienced at the site of dislocation, which can persist. Swelling and bruising develop around the injured joint as a result of the trauma. Movement of the thumb becomes significantly restricted, and attempting to bend or straighten it can be very painful.
In some instances, the thumb might move in an unusual direction, or there could be a complete inability to move it. If nerves are affected, numbness or tingling sensations may occur in the thumb or surrounding areas. Some individuals might also recall a popping sensation or sound at the exact moment of the injury.
Immediate Care and Next Steps
If a dislocated thumb is suspected, it is important to avoid attempting to force the thumb back into place. Relocating the thumb without proper medical training can cause further damage to surrounding structures, including blood vessels, nerves, tendons, and ligaments. Such an attempt could also worsen pain and swelling.
Instead, immobilize the thumb to prevent additional injury. Applying ice wrapped in a cloth to the affected area can help reduce swelling and discomfort. This can be done for 10 to 20 minutes at a time, every one to two hours for the initial few days. Elevating the hand above the heart can also help minimize swelling.
Prompt medical attention is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare professional can confirm the dislocation, often using X-rays to assess the bone alignment and check for any associated fractures or other damage. They will then perform a procedure called reduction, where the bone is carefully manipulated back into its correct position, usually after administering a local anesthetic to manage pain. Following reduction, the thumb is immobilized with a splint to protect it while the tissues heal.