An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped birth control device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. These highly effective, long-acting devices, either hormonal or copper-based, prevent fertilization by affecting sperm movement or creating an unfavorable uterine environment. While IUDs are a reliable method of contraception, their position within the uterus can be a concern. This guide explains how to assess if your IUD has moved and what steps to take if movement is suspected.
Checking for IUD Placement
Regularly checking for your IUD strings is a primary way to monitor its placement. These strings are typically about two inches long and extend from the IUD, through the cervix, into the top of the vagina. Feeling for them helps confirm the device remains in its correct position.
To perform this check, wash your hands thoroughly. Find a comfortable position, such as sitting, squatting, or standing with one leg elevated. Gently insert your index or middle finger into your vagina until you can feel your cervix, which has a firm, rubbery texture similar to the tip of your nose.
Once you locate your cervix, feel for the IUD strings, which should feel like thin, soft threads. Check monthly, often after your menstrual period, as the IUD is more likely to shift then. If the strings feel consistent in length and presence each time, your IUD is likely in place.
Signs of Displacement
Beyond regular self-checks, several physical symptoms can indicate IUD displacement. A common sign is a change in the length of the IUD strings; they might feel noticeably shorter or longer than usual, or you may be unable to feel them at all. This could mean the IUD has shifted or the strings have curled up into the cervix.
Unexpected changes in bleeding patterns are another symptom. With hormonal IUDs, this might be unexpected or excessive period-like bleeding, especially if you were accustomed to a lighter flow or no periods. For copper IUDs, any significant, unexpected change in your menstrual cycle could be a sign.
New or worsening abdominal pain and cramping can also suggest IUD movement. While some discomfort is expected after insertion, persistent, severe pain or cramps not responding to over-the-counter pain relievers warrant attention. Pain during sexual intercourse, or if your partner can feel the IUD’s hard, plastic part, are clear indicators of potential displacement.
Next Steps if You Suspect Movement
If you suspect your IUD has moved due to changes in string length, new symptoms, or inability to feel the strings, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Do not attempt to adjust or remove the IUD yourself, as this can cause further injury. Pulling on the strings or the device could potentially worsen the situation.
Until a healthcare professional confirms the IUD’s position, use a backup birth control method like condoms. A displaced IUD may not be effective in preventing pregnancy. Your doctor will likely conduct a pelvic exam to check for the strings and may use an ultrasound to confirm the IUD’s location. If the IUD cannot be located by ultrasound, an X-ray may be used.
Understanding IUD Movement
IUD movement is not common. It is most likely to happen within the first three months after insertion, with the likelihood decreasing significantly after 12 months. Strong uterine contractions, such as those during menstruation, are a typical cause of IUD displacement.
The uterus’s shape and size can influence an IUD’s position. Structural irregularities, like a smaller uterine cavity or fibroids, may increase the risk of expulsion. In rare instances, an IUD can perforate the uterine wall, which means it pokes through or embeds into the uterine muscle, though this is a very infrequent complication.
A displaced IUD can lead to reduced effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, as its ability to block sperm or release hormones may be compromised. This increases the risk of unintended pregnancy. A moved IUD always warrants professional assessment to ensure continued contraceptive efficacy and address any potential health concerns.