A finger dislocation occurs when the bones forming a finger joint are forced out of their normal alignment. This common injury often results from a forceful impact, such as during sports activities or a fall onto an outstretched hand, where the finger is either jammed or hyperextended. Recognizing this injury is the initial step toward proper care and healing.
Recognizing the Signs
A dislocated finger presents with clear indicators. The most immediate sign is a visible deformity, where the finger may appear bent at an unnatural angle, crooked, or shortened compared to other fingers. This misalignment is often noticeable.
Accompanying the deformity is sharp, intense pain localized at the affected joint. This pain worsens with any attempt to move or touch the injured finger. Swelling around the joint develops quickly, and bruising may also appear in the surrounding area.
Movement of the finger becomes impaired, making bending or straightening the affected joint difficult. Numbness or tingling sensations can indicate nerve involvement. If the skin is broken over the joint, or the finger appears pale or cold, these are additional concerns.
Immediate Actions
If a dislocated finger is suspected, immediate actions can help manage pain and prevent further injury until medical help is obtained. Avoid attempting to “pop” the finger back into place yourself. Doing so can cause additional damage to the joint, including blood vessels, nerves, ligaments, or tendons.
To stabilize the injured finger, gently immobilize it. This can be achieved by taping the affected finger to an adjacent, healthy finger, a technique known as buddy taping. Applying an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the injured joint can help reduce swelling and pain. Keep the injured hand elevated above the level of your heart to further minimize swelling.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seeking prompt medical attention for a dislocated finger is important. A healthcare professional can diagnose the injury with a physical examination and X-rays to confirm the dislocation and rule out any associated fractures. Delaying professional treatment can lead to long-term complications such as chronic pain, persistent stiffness, or instability in the joint.
A medical professional can safely perform a “reduction,” realigning the bones back into their proper position. This procedure often involves local anesthesia to reduce discomfort. Without proper treatment, issues like reduced range of motion, chronic swelling, or an increased risk of developing arthritis can occur. It is also important for a professional to differentiate a dislocation from a fracture or severe sprain, as these injuries may present with similar initial symptoms but require different treatment approaches.