“Greening out” is an informal term describing an adverse reaction to cannabis consumption, often referred to as “overconsumption.” This experience involves uncomfortable or overwhelming physical and psychological effects, occurring when an individual consumes too much cannabis, particularly products high in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). While not a formal medical diagnosis, greening out is a common experience among cannabis users.
Recognizing the Signs
When greening out, individuals can experience a range of physical and psychological symptoms. Physically, common signs include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, cold sweats, and pale skin. A rapid heart rate and elevated blood pressure are also frequently reported, sometimes causing a sense of unease or even heart palpitations. Some may also experience disorientation, a feeling of heaviness in the limbs, or physical immobility.
Psychological symptoms can be equally distressing. These include intense anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks. Individuals may feel overwhelmed, confused, or disoriented, making it difficult to think clearly. Less commonly, altered sensory perceptions, mild hallucinations, or depersonalization (feeling disconnected from oneself) can occur. The severity and combination of these symptoms vary significantly.
Factors Contributing to Greening Out
Several elements can increase the likelihood of greening out. A primary factor is the dosage and potency of cannabis consumed, especially products with high THC concentrations. Consuming too much, particularly for those new to cannabis or with low tolerance, can lead to greening out. The consumption method also plays a role; edibles, for instance, have a delayed onset but produce more intense and prolonged effects than smoking or vaping. This delay can lead to unintentional overconsumption if users take more before initial effects are felt.
Individual tolerance is another significant contributor. First-time users or those with low tolerance are more susceptible. Mixing cannabis with other substances, such as alcohol, can significantly amplify its effects and increase adverse reaction risk. Alcohol, in particular, increases THC absorption, leading to a stronger, quicker high. The “set and setting”—your mental state and environment—also influences the experience; stress, anxiety, or an unfamiliar environment can heighten the chances of greening out. Consuming cannabis on an empty stomach can also lead to faster THC absorption and more intense effects.
What to Do During an Episode
If you or someone else is greening out, remaining calm is important. Move to a safe, quiet, and comfortable place to reduce anxiety. Lie down, focus on slow, deep breathing, or distract yourself with calming music or a video. Stay hydrated by sipping water or juice, especially if nauseous, and a light snack may help stabilize blood sugar.
When assisting someone, maintain a calm demeanor and offer reassurance. Guide them to a comfortable spot, provide water, and ensure they are not left alone. Avoid judgment and simply be present to support them. While greening out is generally not life-threatening, seek medical attention for:
Severe, persistent vomiting
Extreme panic
Prolonged disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Concern about underlying health conditions or dangerous substance mixing
Extremely elevated heart rate or blood pressure that does not subside
Steps to Avoid Greening Out
Preventing greening out involves proactive strategies for a more controlled experience. A primary recommendation is to “start low and go slow,” especially with new products or consumption methods. For edibles, effects are significantly delayed; wait for initial effects before consuming more. Understanding your personal tolerance and product potency is also crucial to avoid overconsumption.
Avoid mixing cannabis with alcohol or other substances, as this intensifies effects and increases adverse reaction likelihood. Consuming cannabis on a full stomach can moderate THC absorption, leading to a more gradual onset and less overwhelming experience. Staying well-hydrated before and during use also contributes to a smoother experience. Finally, choose a comfortable, familiar environment with trusted individuals to reduce anxiety and enhance safety.