A dislocated jaw occurs when the lower jawbone, known as the mandible, moves out of its normal position at one or both temporomandibular joints (TMJs). These joints connect the lower jaw to the skull, enabling movements like chewing and speaking. When the jaw dislocates, the components that facilitate its movement cannot function as intended, leading to a painful condition that requires prompt attention.
Recognizing the Signs
Identifying a dislocated jaw involves recognizing several distinct signs, many of which involve changes to the jaw’s function and appearance. A primary indication is the inability to close the mouth properly, often leaving it stuck open. This difficulty in closing the mouth can lead to other symptoms, such as drooling, because the mouth cannot be fully sealed.
Individuals often experience significant pain in the face or jaw, which intensifies with any attempted movement. This pain is commonly felt in front of the ear or on the affected side. Beyond pain and an open mouth, the jaw might appear visibly misaligned or protrude forward, sometimes twisted to one side. The teeth may also feel “off” or crooked, as they no longer line up as they normally would. A dislocated jaw can make speaking and swallowing very challenging, further disrupting daily activities.
Common Causes
Jaw dislocations can arise from various situations, often involving actions that cause the mouth to open excessively wide. Simple, everyday activities such as a wide yawn or a forceful laugh can lead to dislocation. Biting into an oversized food item can also exert enough pressure to displace the jaw.
Beyond these common occurrences, a forceful impact to the jaw, such as from a fall, a sports injury, or other forms of trauma, is a frequent cause. Certain medical or dental procedures that require the mouth to remain open for an extended period, like extensive dental work, can sometimes result in a dislocated jaw. Individuals with certain connective tissue disorders that cause joint hypermobility may also be more susceptible.
Immediate Actions and Medical Care
If a jaw dislocation is suspected, it is important to seek professional medical attention immediately. Attempting to reposition the jaw yourself is not advisable, as this can cause further injury to the surrounding tissues, nerves, or vessels. Prompt medical care, whether from an emergency room, urgent care facility, or a dentist, is necessary to ensure proper evaluation and treatment.
Medical professionals will assess the situation and may administer pain relief medications or muscle relaxants to ease discomfort and facilitate the procedure. The most common treatment involves a manual reduction, where a healthcare provider gently maneuvers the jawbone back into its correct position. This process may involve placing thumbs on the molars and applying downward and backward pressure, carefully guiding the jaw back into its socket. After the jaw is realigned, the professional may advise measures such as applying a cold pack to reduce swelling and pain, and recommend a soft-food diet to minimize jaw movement during the healing period. Stabilizing the jaw with a bandage, such as a Barton bandage, may also be suggested to restrict wide opening for a few weeks to aid recovery and prevent re-dislocation.