Bats are a natural component of many ecosystems, playing roles such as insect control and pollination. While most bats are healthy, a small percentage can carry the rabies virus. Understanding the indicators of rabies in bats and knowing the appropriate actions to take is important for public health and safety.
Recognizing Rabies Signs
Observing a bat’s behavior can offer clues about its health, although only laboratory testing can confirm rabies. Bats are nocturnal, so activity during the day is a notable sign of potential illness. A bat found crawling on the ground, unable to fly, or easily approached may also exhibit signs of rabies. Disorientation, unusual vocalizations, or unprovoked aggressive behavior are further indicators.
Physical signs can include general weakness or paralysis. Less common, frothing at the mouth might also be observed. Rabies is a serious viral disease affecting the central nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
Responding to a Suspicious Bat
If you encounter a bat exhibiting unusual behavior, such as daytime activity or being grounded, avoid direct contact. Maintain a safe distance and do not attempt to handle the bat yourself. Instead, contact local animal control, public health officials, or a qualified wildlife professional. These agencies can assess the situation and determine the appropriate course of action.
If a bat is found indoors and no direct contact or suspected exposure has occurred, you can safely contain it while awaiting professional help. Wear thick leather gloves. Wait for the bat to land, then place a box or coffee can over it. Carefully slide cardboard underneath to trap the bat inside, then secure the lid with tape and poke small air holes.
Steps After Potential Exposure
Immediate action is important if direct contact with a bat has occurred or is suspected. Thoroughly wash any bite or scratch wounds with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. After washing, seek immediate medical attention. Bat bites can be very small and may not be noticed, so medical consultation is recommended even if you wake up to find a bat in your room or if a bat was in a room with an unattended child or incapacitated person.
If possible and safe to do so, the bat should be captured for rabies testing without damaging its head, as the brain tissue is necessary for diagnosis. Use a container to secure the bat. Contact public health officials or animal control to report the incident and arrange for the bat to be tested. Based on the circumstances and bat test results, medical professionals will assess the need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which typically involves a series of rabies vaccines and, for unvaccinated individuals, a dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG).