Staphylococcus aureus, often simply called “staph,” is a type of bacteria commonly found on human skin. While its presence is normal for many individuals, concerns arise when this bacterium leads to infection or requires management to prevent health issues. Understanding how to reduce its presence on the skin can help in avoiding potential complications.
Understanding Staph on the Skin
Staph bacteria frequently reside on the skin and in the nose of healthy individuals without causing illness (colonization). Approximately 20% to 30% of the population carries S. aureus persistently, while another 30% may carry it intermittently. Colonization does not mean an infection is present, but it is a risk factor for future infections.
An infection occurs when staph bacteria enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, or surgical wound. Once inside, bacteria multiply and overcome defenses, leading to symptoms like redness, warmth, pain, and pus. The skin’s natural defenses, including its acidic pH and constant shedding of the outer layer help prevent colonization and infection.
Preventing Staph Spread and Growth
Maintaining good hygiene is a primary defense against staph and helps reduce its presence on the skin. Thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is effective, especially after touching wounds or before preparing food. Regular bathing or showering using soap cleanses the skin, removing bacteria.
Keeping cuts, scrapes, and other skin breaks clean and covered with a bandage minimizes staph entry. Avoid sharing personal items like towels, razors, and athletic equipment, as these can harbor bacteria. Regularly cleaning frequently touched surfaces in your home or workplace with a disinfectant reduces staph spread. These steps reduce bacterial load on the skin and prevent infections.
Topical Approaches for Staph
Topical agents can reduce staph bacteria on the skin. Over-the-counter (OTC) antiseptic washes, such as those containing chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone-iodine, are used for skin decontamination. They are applied before surgical procedures or as general body washes to lower bacterial counts. Applying OTC antibiotic ointments like bacitracin or polymyxin B to minor cuts and scrapes help prevent bacterial growth in minor wounds.
For targeted or persistent staph colonization, prescription-strength topical treatments are available. Mupirocin is a common prescription topical antibiotic used for nasal decolonization, targeting staph in the nostrils. This approach is guided by a healthcare professional, especially for individuals at higher risk for staph infections. These products kill or inhibit staph bacteria growth on the skin.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
Recognizing signs that indicate a staph infection requires professional medical attention is important. Symptoms such as spreading redness, increased warmth, worsening pain, or the presence of pus at a wound site suggest a potential infection. A fever or general feeling of being unwell, despite home care, also warrants medical evaluation. These signs indicate the infection may be progressing beyond what can be managed with basic hygiene or OTC topical treatments.
Untreated staph infections can lead to serious complications, including cellulitis, abscesses, or bloodstream infections. A doctor can diagnose the infection, often by physical examination and, if necessary, taking a culture of the affected area. Treatment may involve prescribing oral antibiotics or, in cases of an abscess, performing a drainage procedure to remove pus. Timely medical intervention is important for managing staph infections and preventing their progression.