In tropical and subtropical environments, such as Florida and the Caribbean, iguanas near residential pools are a frequent nuisance. These reptiles, often invasive species, are naturally drawn to pools for several reasons. Iguanas are cold-blooded and seek warm areas for basking; sun-drenched pool decks and concrete offer ideal conditions for thermoregulation. The water provides hydration, a place to cool off, and a means of escape from predators. This combination of heat, water, and nearby vegetation encourages them to linger, leading to issues like contaminated water and damaged property.
Modifying the Landscape to Discourage Residence
The most effective long-term strategy for iguana control involves making the surrounding yard less hospitable. Iguanas are primarily herbivores, so removing their preferred food sources significantly reduces their presence. They are attracted to plants with tender leaves, colorful flowers, and ripe fruit, including species like hibiscus, bougainvillea, orchids, and roses. Replace these with “iguana-resistant” varieties, which typically have thick, tough, or waxy leaves, or plants with strong scents like citrus trees, oleander, and agave.
Eliminating shelter and nesting sites is also important. Iguanas dig burrows under seawalls, sidewalks, and dense shrubbery; filling these holes with sand or concrete prevents re-use. Trimming low-hanging tree branches and dense bushes removes the cover they use to hide and the access points they use to reach the pool area.
Implementing Physical Barriers Around the Pool
To prevent iguanas from reaching the pool and deck, installing physical barriers is highly effective. Since iguanas are skilled climbers and diggers, perimeter fencing must address both vertical and subterranean access. An effective fence should be solid or fine-mesh and include an anti-climb feature, such as an angled overhang, to block upward movement.
Crucially, the fence line should be buried at least four to six inches below ground to prevent burrowing. For seawalls or dock pilings, installing sheet metal or polycarbonate guards prevents climbing the vertical surfaces leading to the property. Covering the water with a solid safety or solar cover when the pool is not in use eliminates the water source and basking surface, removing two major attractants.
Utilizing Active Sensory Deterrents
Active deterrents function by startling iguanas, conditioning them to avoid the protected area. Motion-activated water sprinklers, or hydro-deterrents, are a widely recommended non-lethal method. These devices use heat and motion sensors to detect an approaching animal and emit a sudden, startling burst of water. The unexpected noise, motion, and spray frighten the reptiles away without causing harm.
These sprinklers often have detection ranges of up to 40 feet and should be placed along known iguana pathways or basking areas. Other sensory methods include using reflective objects, such as hanging CDs, which create disorienting flashes of light. Additionally, commercial or homemade repellents containing strong scents like garlic, capsaicin, or citrus oils can be applied to perimeter areas, though they require frequent reapplication, especially after rain.
Understanding Regulations and Humane Removal
Before attempting to capture or remove iguanas, understand local regulations, which vary significantly by region. In Florida, iguanas are classified as an invasive species and are only protected by anti-cruelty laws. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) encourages property owners to remove iguanas from their land.
However, captured iguanas cannot be relocated and released elsewhere in the state; if trapped, they must be kept in captivity or humanely killed on the property. For large infestations, or if the homeowner is uncomfortable with removal, contacting a licensed nuisance wildlife trapper is the safest option. Professionals handle the animals safely, mitigating the risk of bites, scratches, or exposure to Salmonella bacteria carried in iguana feces.