Antral follicle count (AFC) serves as an important indicator of ovarian reserve and a woman’s fertility potential. Many seeking to conceive desire to increase this count. This article explores what AFC represents, the science behind its change, and practical approaches to support ovarian health.
Understanding Antral Follicle Count
Antral follicles are small, fluid-filled sacs within the ovaries, typically measuring between 2 to 10 millimeters in diameter, that contain immature eggs. These follicles represent a pool of eggs available for development in a given menstrual cycle. Each month, a group of antral follicles begins to grow in response to hormonal signals, though usually only one will fully mature and release an egg during ovulation.
The antral follicle count (AFC) is measured using a transvaginal ultrasound, typically during days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle. This test estimates a woman’s ovarian reserve, indicating her remaining egg supply. A higher AFC generally suggests better ovarian reserve and a greater likelihood of responding well to fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Conversely, a lower AFC can indicate decreased ovarian function and may affect fertility potential, particularly for women in their late 30s and 40s.
The Reality of Increasing Antral Follicle Count
The total number of ovarian follicles a woman possesses is largely determined before birth and naturally declines over her lifetime, as eggs are continuously lost until menopause. Therefore, it is generally not possible to “create new” follicles or numerically increase the overall pool of eggs.
Instead, “increasing” AFC often refers to optimizing the health and recruitment of existing follicles or ensuring an accurate measurement. Various factors can temporarily suppress the appearance of antral follicles, leading to a lower observed count. Stress, certain medications, or hormonal imbalances can contribute to this temporary reduction. Addressing these underlying issues might result in a higher observed AFC, reflecting a better utilization of the existing follicle pool rather than a numerical increase in the total egg supply. While directly increasing the total number of eggs is not typically possible, strategies aimed at improving the ovarian environment can enhance the function and assessment of existing follicles.
Supporting Ovarian Health
A balanced diet plays an important role in supporting reproductive health. Consuming antioxidant-rich foods like berries and leafy greens can help counteract oxidative stress. Healthy fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids found in salmon and walnuts, contribute to hormone regulation. Incorporating whole grains, lean proteins, and various fruits and vegetables provides essential nutrients for ovarian function. Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition is also important, as both obesity and being underweight can disrupt hormonal balance and ovulation.
Regular, moderate exercise enhances overall health and can positively influence ovarian reserve by helping with healthy weight maintenance and supporting balanced hormone levels. Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness or yoga, are beneficial because chronic stress can disrupt hormone levels, potentially affecting fertility. Ensuring adequate sleep, aiming for 7-9 hours nightly, also supports hormonal balance and overall reproductive function.
Nutritional supplements can offer supportive measures for ovarian health, such as CoQ10, an antioxidant that helps produce cellular energy and may improve egg quality (recommended 200-300 mg ubiquinol three times daily). Vitamin D (around 2,000 IU daily) supports reproductive health, as many women have insufficient levels. Omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish oil supplements, aid in hormone regulation and can reduce inflammation. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone precursor that may improve ovarian function by supporting follicle development, especially in women with diminished ovarian reserve. DHEA should only be taken under strict medical supervision, as it can significantly affect hormone levels and may not be suitable for everyone.
Reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can also support ovarian health. EDCs, found in plastics, pesticides, and some personal care products, can negatively affect the female reproductive system, including the ovaries. These chemicals may disrupt folliculogenesis and hormone levels, potentially contributing to reproductive issues.
Consulting a Healthcare Professional
For a personalized assessment of ovarian reserve and fertility potential, consulting a fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist is important. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment are not appropriate for fertility concerns. A medical professional can accurately measure antral follicle count using transvaginal ultrasound and interpret the results within the context of an individual’s overall health. They can also recommend appropriate fertility strategies or treatments based on a comprehensive evaluation. The information provided in this article is intended for general knowledge and does not serve as a substitute for professional medical advice.