Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) are enzymes primarily found within the liver cells. When the liver experiences stress or damage, these enzymes can be released into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels detected in blood tests. Such elevations serve as indicators that the liver may not be functioning optimally. This article explores general strategies to support liver health and potentially improve these enzyme levels.
Understanding Elevated Levels
Many factors can contribute to elevated AST and ALT levels. One common cause is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where fat accumulates in liver cells, often linked to obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Alcohol consumption is another significant cause, as heavy or chronic intake can lead to inflammation and damage, known as alcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic hepatitis.
Certain medications, including some pain relievers like acetaminophen and cholesterol-lowering statins, can stress the liver and result in elevated enzyme levels. Viral infections, such as hepatitis A, B, or C, cause liver inflammation that can raise these enzymes. Less common causes include autoimmune conditions where the immune system attacks liver cells, or certain genetic disorders. Elevated AST and ALT levels are a sign of potential liver distress, requiring further medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause.
Dietary Approaches
Diet plays a significant role in liver health and can influence AST and ALT levels. Reducing the intake of processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats is an important step. Foods high in sugar, especially those with added sugars like sodas and candies, can contribute to fat buildup in the liver. Similarly, fried foods and those high in saturated and trans fats can lead to inflammation and liver damage.
Incorporating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports liver function. Berries, green tea, and coffee contain antioxidants that may protect the liver. Lean proteins, found in sources like fish, poultry, and legumes, are also beneficial. Healthy fats, such as those from avocados, nuts, and olive oil, can help reduce liver fat. Adequate hydration, primarily through water, helps the liver process and eliminate toxins.
Lifestyle Adjustments
Beyond dietary changes, various lifestyle adjustments can contribute to healthier liver enzyme levels. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is beneficial, as excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, is closely linked to fatty liver disease. Losing weight can help reduce liver fat and improve overall liver function. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic exercise and strength training, can reduce liver fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and help manage weight.
Managing stress is important, as chronic stress can trigger inflammation and hormonal imbalances that affect liver health. Techniques like meditation or engaging in relaxing activities can help. Ensuring adequate sleep supports the body’s natural healing processes, including liver repair. Minimizing exposure to environmental toxins, such as certain chemicals and pollutants, can protect the liver from damage, as the liver works to filter these substances. Limiting or completely avoiding alcohol is necessary, as alcohol directly stresses the liver and can lead to significant damage.
Medical Consultation and Monitoring
When elevated AST and ALT levels are detected, consulting a healthcare professional is a necessary step. These enzyme elevations are signals that warrant a thorough investigation to identify the underlying cause. A doctor can order additional tests and evaluate the overall clinical picture to determine the reason for the elevation.
Self-improvement strategies, such as dietary and lifestyle modifications, complement professional medical advice but are not a substitute for it. Regular monitoring of liver enzyme levels by a physician helps track progress and the effectiveness of interventions. It is also important to discuss any lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, or over-the-counter medications with a doctor to ensure they are appropriate and do not interfere with liver health or any prescribed treatments.