Moles are common skin growths. They form when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment, grow in clusters. Most moles are harmless, but recognizing changes in their appearance or identifying new, unusual ones is important. Early detection of atypical moles can be beneficial for addressing potential skin concerns.
Understanding Moles
Common moles, also known as nevi, are typically small, round or oval, and have a smooth surface with distinct edges. They usually exhibit an even color, such as pink, tan, or brown. These moles generally remain stable in appearance over a person’s lifetime.
Atypical moles, also called dysplastic nevi, differ from common moles in their appearance. They are often larger, with irregular borders and a mix of colors. While benign, having atypical moles can increase the likelihood of developing melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. These moles may be flat or slightly raised and can exhibit various shades from pink to dark brown.
Applying the ABCDEs for Identification
A helpful guide for identifying moles that might require professional evaluation is the ABCDE method. This acronym highlights five features to observe: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, and Evolving.
Asymmetry refers to one half of the mole not matching the other half if an imaginary line were drawn through its center. A typical mole is usually symmetrical in shape. Border irregularity means the edges of the mole are uneven, ragged, notched, or blurred rather than smooth and well-defined. The pigment of an irregular border may also spread into the surrounding skin.
Color variation indicates that the mole has multiple colors within it, such as different shades of brown, black, or tan, and sometimes red, white, or blue. A common mole typically has a uniform color. Diameter refers to the size of the mole. Moles larger than 6 millimeters, approximately the size of a pencil eraser, warrant attention. However, some melanomas can be smaller when first detected.
Evolving is perhaps the most significant sign, referring to any change over time in the mole’s size, shape, color, or elevation. This also includes new symptoms like itching, tenderness, or bleeding.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
If a mole exhibits any of the ABCDE characteristics, or if it is new, causes pain, itching, or bleeding, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Self-identification using the ABCDE method serves as a screening tool, not a diagnosis.
During a skin examination, a dermatologist may use a specialized handheld device called a dermatoscope to examine the mole in greater detail. If a suspicious area is identified, a skin biopsy may be performed, where a small tissue sample is removed for microscopic analysis. This procedure helps determine if the mole contains cancerous cells.
Importance of Regular Self-Examination
Regular self-examination of your skin is a proactive measure for detecting changes in moles. It is generally recommended to perform a head-to-toe self-exam monthly.
Tools such as a full-length mirror, a handheld mirror, and a well-lit room can aid in a thorough self-check. Taking photographs of moles can also be useful for tracking changes over time. For hard-to-see areas like the back or scalp, a partner’s assistance can be beneficial. In addition to self-exams, annual full-body skin examinations by a dermatologist are also recommended, especially for individuals with increased risk factors.