“Welding burn eyes,” medically known as photokeratitis or arc eye, is a painful condition caused by unprotected exposure to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation from welding arcs. This injury is similar to a sunburn on the eye’s surface. While typically temporary, the discomfort can be significant. This article provides guidance on immediate home care and essential preventive measures.
What Causes “Welding Burn Eyes”?
Photokeratitis occurs when the eye’s delicate outer layer, the corneal epithelium, is exposed to high levels of UV radiation. Welding arcs emit intense UV light, which can damage these surface cells, similar to how sunlight damages skin during a sunburn. The cornea, acting like the eye’s clear front window, absorbs this radiation, leading to cellular damage.
Symptoms typically appear several hours after exposure, often between 30 minutes and 12 hours later. Common symptoms include a gritty sensation, intense pain, sensitivity to light (photophobia), blurry vision, excessive tearing, and redness. The eyelids may also appear red and swollen. This delayed onset can sometimes make it difficult to identify the exact cause of the discomfort.
Immediate Steps for Relief
For immediate relief, several practical steps can be taken at home. If you wear contact lenses, remove them immediately to prevent further irritation or potential complications. Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can worsen damage and potentially introduce bacteria.
Applying cold compresses to the closed eyes can help reduce inflammation and soothe the burning sensation. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage the pain and reduce inflammation. Seeking a dark room and resting your eyes can also provide comfort and aid in recovery, as light sensitivity is a common symptom.
Use preservative-free lubricating eye drops to keep eyes moist and alleviate dryness. These drops support corneal healing. Do not use unapproved home remedies like raw potato slices or Vicks Vapor Rub, as they lack scientific backing and could introduce infection. Anesthetic drops should also be avoided unless prescribed by a doctor, as they can hinder corneal healing.
When to See a Doctor
While photokeratitis often resolves within 24 to 48 hours, knowing when to seek medical attention is important. See a doctor if you experience severe or worsening pain not alleviated by home remedies. Any vision changes, such as increased blurriness, double vision, or vision loss, warrant immediate medical evaluation.
Consult an eye care professional if symptoms do not improve after 24 to 48 hours or worsen. Suspected foreign bodies, such as metal fragments, also require prompt medical attention. Signs of infection, including pus, increased redness, or swelling, indicate a need for professional treatment. A doctor can diagnose the condition, rule out other eye issues, and may prescribe stronger pain relief or antibiotic drops to prevent infection.
Preventing Future Eye Injuries
Preventing welding eye injuries involves consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to safety protocols. A welding helmet with an appropriate shade lens is essential, protecting against harmful UV and infrared radiation and flying debris. Select the lens shade number based on the specific welding process and amperage for adequate light filtration. For instance, MIG welding typically requires a shade between 10 and 13, while TIG welding may use shades 9 to 12.
Safety glasses with side shields, compliant with ANSI Z87.1 standards, should always be worn underneath the welding helmet. They provide continuous protection from sparks and debris when the helmet is lifted or during grinding. Regularly inspect welding helmets and lenses for damage, such as scratches or cracks, which can compromise protection.
Ensuring work area safety also contributes to prevention. Use screens or curtains to shield others from arc flash, as UV radiation can affect bystanders. Never look directly at the welding arc without proper protection, even briefly. Adhering to these practices reduces the risk of future eye injuries.