An ingrown fingernail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin of the finger. This often leads to discomfort, redness, and swelling. While not severe, an ingrown fingernail can cause significant pain and tenderness, making everyday activities challenging. It is a common issue that usually affects the big toe but can also occur on any finger.
At-Home Remedies for Relief
Managing an ingrown fingernail at home can provide considerable relief and promote healing. An effective approach involves soaking the affected finger in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, three to four times a day. Adding Epsom salts to the warm water may help reduce inflammation and soften the skin around the nail.
After soaking, the softened nail can be gently lifted away from the skin. A small piece of sterile cotton or a fragment of dental floss can be carefully placed underneath the ingrown edge. This helps the nail grow over the skin, and the cotton or floss should be changed daily for hygiene. Applying an over-the-counter antibiotic cream after soaking and lifting can help prevent infection, especially if the skin is broken.
For discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Also, avoid activities that put pressure on the affected finger. This minimizes further irritation and allows the area to heal.
Knowing When to See a Doctor
While many ingrown fingernails respond well to home care, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is necessary. Increased redness, significant swelling, warmth, or pus around the nail suggest a possible infection. A fever accompanying these symptoms also requires medical evaluation, as it could signal a more widespread infection.
If home remedies do not lead to improvement within a few days, or if the pain intensifies, consulting a doctor is advisable. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, poor circulation, or a weakened immune system, should seek medical attention promptly for any ingrown nail. These conditions can impair healing and increase the risk of serious complications. A healthcare provider might perform a minor procedure to remove a portion of the nail or prescribe oral antibiotics if an infection is present.
Preventing Future Ingrown Fingernails
Preventing ingrown fingernails involves adopting proper nail care practices and protecting hands from trauma. Trim fingernails straight across, rather than rounding the corners, to prevent edges from growing into the skin. Do not cut nails too short, as this can encourage skin to grow over the nail, leading to an ingrown condition as it grows out.
Also avoid picking, tearing, or biting fingernails, as these actions can damage the nail bed and surrounding skin. Such trauma can create irregular nail edges prone to becoming ingrown. Protect hands from injury by wearing gloves during tasks like gardening, cleaning, or manual labor. This prevents direct impact or repetitive pressure on the nails, reducing the risk of nail trauma.