A bitten tongue is a common injury causing discomfort. It typically results from accidental chewing during eating or talking, sudden movements, or falls. Other instances include teeth grinding during sleep or certain medical conditions like seizures. Most bitten tongues are minor injuries that heal without extensive medical intervention.
Immediate First Aid
Immediate action helps manage symptoms and prevent complications. Begin by thoroughly rinsing your mouth with cool water or a mild saline solution to clean the wound and remove any debris or blood. This step allows for a clearer view of the injury and minimizes the presence of bacteria.
If there is bleeding, apply gentle, direct pressure to the injured area using a clean cloth or gauze for about five to fifteen minutes. This pressure helps control blood flow and promotes clotting. Applying a cold compress or sucking on a small piece of ice can reduce swelling and numb the painful area. Cold temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict, further minimizing bleeding and inflammation.
Ongoing Care and Healing
After addressing the immediate injury, continued care supports the healing process and manages discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. Applying a cold compress externally to the cheek or holding ice chips in the mouth can also provide relief and help control swelling.
Adjusting your diet is beneficial, focusing on soft, bland foods that require minimal chewing. Options like yogurt, mashed potatoes, and smoothies are gentle on the injured tongue. Avoid hot, spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods, as these can irritate the wound and delay healing.
Maintaining oral hygiene is important to prevent infection. Gently brush your teeth, carefully avoiding the injured area, and rinse your mouth several times a day with a warm salt water solution. Salt water helps cleanse the wound, reduce inflammation, and soothe discomfort.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most bitten tongues heal on their own, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Seek immediate medical attention if persistent, heavy bleeding does not stop after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous direct pressure. This could signal a more significant injury.
Signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling, the presence of pus, or a fever, warrant prompt medical consultation. A deep laceration that appears to go through the tongue or involves a significant flap of tissue may require stitches. Additionally, if you experience difficulty swallowing, speaking, or breathing, or if the bite resulted from a fall or accident causing other injuries, seek professional medical care.