Brackets and wires are highly effective tools for straightening teeth, but the initial period of orthodontic treatment often comes with the painful side effect of mouth sores. These sores, commonly known as canker sores, form when the metal hardware rubs against the soft tissues of the cheeks, lips, and tongue. The resulting irritation creates small, raw patches that are typically white or yellowish with a red border, making talking and eating difficult. Managing this discomfort quickly is important to allow the delicate oral lining to heal and adapt to the presence of the braces.
Immediate Home Remedies and OTC Solutions
The first step in promoting the healing of a mouth sore is to reduce inflammation and cleanse the area using simple rinses. A warm saltwater rinse is a traditional and effective approach, working as a mild antiseptic to reduce bacteria and soothe the irritated tissue. Dissolve about one teaspoon of table salt into eight ounces of warm water and swish the solution for at least thirty seconds several times a day.
For a more intensive cleansing action, a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution can be used to clean the sore and prevent infection. Mix one part 3% hydrogen peroxide with one part water and rinse the mouth, being sure to spit the solution out completely afterward. These rinses help create a cleaner environment for the sore to heal.
To manage immediate pain, over-the-counter topical anesthetic gels provide temporary relief by numbing the nerve endings on the sore itself. These oral gels, often containing ingredients like benzocaine, can be applied directly to the affected area using a clean cotton swab or fingertip. This application shields the exposed tissue from friction while offering a window of comfort, particularly before meals.
Physical Barriers for Protection
While rinses and gels treat the existing sore, a physical barrier is necessary to prevent the braces from causing further friction. Orthodontic wax, made from materials like beeswax, is designed to cover the rough edges of brackets or wires. This wax acts as a smooth, temporary shield between the metal hardware and the soft interior of your mouth, giving the sore time to heal.
To apply the wax effectively, first ensure the problematic bracket or wire is completely dry, which helps the wax adhere firmly. Take a small, pea-sized piece of wax and roll it between your fingers for a few seconds to warm and soften it. Then, press the wax firmly over the irritating part of the brace, smoothing the surface so it completely covers the sharp area.
The wax is non-toxic and safe to swallow in small amounts, but it should be removed before eating or brushing your teeth and replaced afterward. For areas that require more extensive coverage, some patients may use silicone covers, which function similarly to the wax by creating a broader, protective layer. Proper application of these barriers is the most direct way to stop the friction.
When to Contact Your Orthodontist
Most mouth sores caused by braces are minor injuries that should begin to heal within seven to ten days with proper home care. If a sore persists beyond this two-week period, or if the pain is unmanageable with over-the-counter methods, contact your orthodontist. Prolonged irritation can indicate a need for professional intervention, such as an adjustment to the braces.
Seek professional care immediately if you notice specific signs of a serious infection, including significant swelling around the sore, the presence of pus, or if you develop a fever. Additionally, if a loose or broken wire or bracket is causing a laceration that cannot be covered with wax, the hardware needs to be trimmed or repaired by the orthodontist. The orthodontist can assess the hardware and provide specialized treatments or prescription-strength rinses if needed.