Denture sores, sometimes called denture stomatitis, are a common and painful irritation of the gum tissue beneath a dental prosthetic. These lesions manifest as areas of redness, swelling, or localized pressure spots, often making it difficult to eat or speak comfortably. Prompt attention and proper care can significantly ease the discomfort and accelerate healing. Understanding the underlying causes is the first step toward effective management and prevention.
Understanding Why Denture Sores Occur
Denture sores arise from a combination of mechanical and biological factors affecting the oral environment. The most frequent cause is a poor fit, where the prosthetic rubs against the soft tissues, creating friction or localized pressure spots. Since the jawbone and gums naturally change shape over time due to bone atrophy following tooth loss, even initially well-fitting dentures can eventually become loose and cause irritation.
A significant biological cause is poor hygiene, which allows a buildup of bacteria and yeast, most commonly Candida albicans. This fungal overgrowth thrives in the warm, moist environment beneath a continuously worn denture, leading to denture stomatitis. Wearing dentures constantly, especially while sleeping, denies the gums the necessary rest and blood circulation they need, contributing to irritation.
Immediate Home Remedies for Comfort and Healing
When a sore develops, immediately remove the denture for as long as possible to relieve pressure on the irritated tissue. Giving the gums a break allows compromised blood flow to recover and initiates the healing process. If daily activities require wearing the denture, remove it at the first opportunity and do not wear it overnight.
A warm saline rinse should be used several times a day to soothe the inflammation and cleanse the area. To prepare this solution, dissolve between a half and one teaspoon of table salt in a glass of warm water, then swish the mixture around the mouth for about 30 seconds before spitting it out. Sodium chloride has mild antibacterial properties and promotes wound healing, making it an excellent natural remedy.
For temporary pain relief, over-the-counter topical anesthetics containing ingredients like benzocaine can be applied directly to the sore spot. Alternatively, a small amount of pure aloe vera gel can be gently dabbed onto the area, utilizing its natural anti-inflammatory properties to reduce swelling and discomfort.
During this healing phase, transition to a soft, non-irritating diet. Avoid foods that are hot, spicy, or acidic, as these can aggravate the open sores.
Long-Term Strategies for Denture Maintenance
Preventing future sores relies on establishing a consistent daily care routine for the prosthetic and the underlying tissues. Dentures must be removed every night for six to eight hours to allow the gum tissues to rest and recover from the pressure exerted throughout the day. This practice also helps disrupt the environment where fungal organisms tend to flourish.
The denture should be mechanically cleaned daily using a soft-bristled brush and a non-abrasive cleanser specifically designed for prosthetics. Regular toothpaste should be avoided because its abrasive nature can create microscopic scratches on the denture material, which then become sites for bacterial accumulation. Following brushing, dentures should be immersed in water or a dedicated denture-cleaning solution overnight to kill any bacteria and prevent the material from drying out.
In addition to cleaning the prosthetic, the soft tissues of the mouth require attention. The gums, tongue, and any remaining natural teeth should be gently brushed with a soft toothbrush to remove any plaque or debris. Maintaining this comprehensive hygiene routine is the most effective way to prevent the recurrence of both irritation and infection.
When to Seek Professional Dental Treatment
While home remedies can provide temporary comfort, they are not a substitute for professional evaluation, especially if the underlying problem is a poor fit. If a sore persists for more than seven to ten days despite consistent home care, a dental appointment is necessary. Warning signs that require immediate attention include sores that are abnormally large, bleeding, or showing clear signs of infection such as increased swelling, discharge, or severe pain.
The dentist will first assess the fit of the denture, often determining that relining or adjustments are needed to eliminate pressure points causing friction. Dentures may need replacement every five to seven years to ensure optimal comfort and function, as the jawbone changes shape over time. If denture stomatitis is the cause, the professional may prescribe an antifungal medication to eliminate yeast overgrowth alongside a revised hygiene plan.