Denture sores, also known as denture-induced stomatitis, are areas of irritation and inflammation that appear on the gum tissue underneath a dental plate. These painful spots typically result from mechanical friction, often due to a poor fit, and microbial factors like the accumulation of plaque and yeast. Addressing these sores requires a two-pronged approach: finding immediate relief for existing discomfort and implementing long-term preventative care.
At-Home Treatments for Immediate Relief
When a sore develops, the first step is to relieve the pressure and irritation causing the discomfort. Removing the dentures temporarily is an effective immediate treatment, allowing the compressed gum tissue to rest and recover. While the dentures are out, a warm salt water rinse can help soothe the inflamed area and promote healing. Mix about half a teaspoon of salt into one cup of warm water and gently swish the solution around the mouth several times a day.
Non-prescription topical products, such as oral pain relief gels containing benzocaine, can be applied directly to the sore spots for temporary numbing relief. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen may also help reduce swelling and pain. Temporarily stick to a diet of soft, non-irritating foods like yogurt, soups, and mashed vegetables to avoid further trauma to the irritated tissue. Applying a cold compress to the outside of the cheek over the affected area can also help reduce swelling and provide a numbing sensation.
Proper Denture Care and Hygiene
Preventing new sores requires a consistent hygiene routine that targets both the dentures and the underlying gum tissue. Dentures should be brushed daily using a soft-bristled denture brush and a non-abrasive denture cleaner or mild soap. Regular toothpaste should be avoided, as it can be too abrasive and create microscopic scratches on the denture material where bacteria and fungi can accumulate.
After cleaning, dentures should be soaked overnight in water or a specialized denture-cleaning solution to keep the material hydrated and kill residual microorganisms. This nightly removal gives the gum tissues at least six to eight hours of rest from the constant pressure of the prosthetic, which prevents inflammation and sores. It is also important to gently clean the mouth, tongue, and gums with a soft toothbrush or damp cloth every day after the dentures are removed.
Poor hygiene can lead to an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, a common cause of infection. This condition, often called denture stomatitis, presents as redness and swelling beneath the dental plate. Maintaining a clean mouth and prosthetic is the most effective way to manage the microbial environment and prevent this infection. Using a denture adhesive can also help by stabilizing a slightly loose denture, reducing the friction that leads to irritation and pressure sores.
Recognizing Serious Issues and Seeking Professional Help
While home care is effective for minor irritation, persistent or worsening symptoms require professional attention from a dentist or denturist. A sore that does not begin to heal within 7 to 10 days, despite consistent home care, signals a problem beyond simple friction. Signs of a worsening issue include visible pus, increased swelling, or the development of white or red patches on the gums or palate.
Chronic irritation from an ill-fitting prosthetic can lead to more serious conditions like inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, where small, nodular lesions form on the roof of the mouth. The mouth changes shape over time due to bone resorption, meaning dentures that once fit perfectly will eventually become loose and cause pressure points. If a denture is slipping, causing pain, or feels noticeably loose, a professional adjustment, reline, or replacement is necessary to eliminate the source of the trauma. Never attempt to adjust or file down the denture material yourself, as this can cause irreversible damage to the prosthetic and worsen the irritation.