A hangnail is a small, jagged piece of skin that tears away from the side or base of a fingernail or toenail. While typically harmless, these tears can create an opening for bacteria or fungi to enter the surrounding tissue, leading to an infection. This common condition, known as paronychia when infected, often results from dry skin, minor trauma, or improper nail care. Understanding how to manage and prevent an infected hangnail can help individuals address the issue effectively at home.
Recognizing an Infected Hangnail
Early identification is important for prompt home treatment. A key sign is redness around the nail, often accompanied by swelling in the affected area. You might also experience tenderness or throbbing pain, and the skin may feel warm to the touch. In some cases, a pus-filled blister or abscess may form near the nail edge, indicating a more advanced infection. Bacterial infections can cause symptoms to appear quickly, while fungal infections may develop more gradually.
Steps for Home Treatment
Most mild to moderate hangnail infections can be managed effectively with home care. Begin by soaking the affected finger in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, up to four times a day. This helps increase blood flow, cleanse the area, and soften the skin, promoting drainage if pus is present. After soaking, gently pat the area dry with a clean towel.
Once the skin is softened, carefully trim the hangnail using sterilized nail clippers or small scissors. Sterilizing the tools with rubbing alcohol before use helps prevent the introduction of more bacteria. Trim only the loose skin to avoid further injury.
Next, apply a small amount of an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment to the affected area. This protects the wound from further bacterial contamination and supports healing. Cover the area with a clean bandage to keep it protected and the ointment in place. Change the bandage daily, especially after soaking, to maintain hygiene. Avoid picking or biting the hangnail, as this can worsen the condition and introduce more germs.
When to See a Doctor
While many infected hangnails respond to home treatment, some signs indicate professional medical attention is needed. Consult a healthcare provider if the infection does not show improvement after about a week of consistent home care. Seek medical advice if the redness or swelling begins to spread beyond the immediate area around the nail, or if the pain intensifies significantly.
Other concerning symptoms include the formation of a large, persistent pus-filled blister or abscess, or if you develop a fever, chills, or red streaks extending up the finger or hand. Additionally, consult a doctor if the nail becomes discolored, changes shape, or separates from the nail bed, or if you have underlying conditions like diabetes that might complicate healing.
Preventing Future Infections
Preventing hangnails and infections involves consistent hand and nail care. Keeping your hands well-moisturized, especially during dry weather or after prolonged water exposure, can reduce skin dryness that contributes to hangnail formation. Regular use of hand cream or cuticle oil helps maintain skin elasticity around the nails.
Avoid cutting or pushing back your cuticles excessively, as this can damage the protective barrier around the nail and make it more susceptible to infection. Instead, gently push them back after showering if desired. Avoid biting your nails or tearing at hangnails, as this can create open wounds and introduce bacteria.
When performing tasks that involve prolonged water exposure or harsh chemicals, such as washing dishes or gardening, wear protective gloves to shield your hands. Maintaining hand hygiene by washing hands regularly with mild soap also contributes to preventing infections.