A bruised nail, medically known as a subungual hematoma, occurs when blood pools under the fingernail or toenail. This condition results from direct trauma or impact to the nail, such as dropping a heavy object on it or stubbing a toe. It is a common injury that can cause discomfort and discoloration.
What to Do Right Away
After a nail injury, applying cold compression can help reduce swelling and pain. An ice pack wrapped in a cloth should be held over the affected nail for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day. Elevating the injured hand or foot above heart level can also help minimize throbbing by reducing blood flow to the area.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can manage pain and inflammation. Keeping the injured area clean and protected with a sterile bandage can prevent further irritation and reduce infection risk. Avoid attempting to drain the blood from under the nail yourself, as this can introduce bacteria and lead to complications.
The Healing Process
As a bruised nail heals, the trapped blood under the nail will appear as a dark, discolored spot, ranging from reddish-purple to black. Over time, this discoloration may spread or change as the blood clots and the nail grows out. The pressure from the accumulated blood can cause the nail to lift or detach from the nail bed.
The old, damaged nail will separate from the nail bed as a new, healthy nail grows in underneath it. This process is slow and requires patience, as fingernails can take approximately three to six months to regrow, while toenails may take six to twelve months. Protecting the new nail as it emerges helps ensure proper growth and prevent further injury.
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor if pain under the bruised nail is severe and persistent, or if it does not subside with at-home care. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, swelling, or pus around the nail, require medical attention. Also see a doctor if the nail is completely detached, severely damaged, or if the injury involves a deep cut to the nail bed.
If the injury is a crushing type that might involve the underlying bone, or if you have pre-existing conditions like diabetes or poor circulation, seek medical advice. These conditions can complicate healing and increase infection risk, requiring professional evaluation.
Preventing Bruised Nails
Preventing bruised nails involves proactive steps. Wearing appropriate footwear, such as steel-toed boots in work environments or well-fitting athletic shoes during sports, protects against impacts. Being mindful of your surroundings and using caution when handling heavy objects also reduces accidental injury. Wearing gloves when working with tools or in situations where objects might be dropped can safeguard your nails.