The sweetgum tree (Liquidambar styraciflua) is a common deciduous tree recognized for its distinct star-shaped leaves and spiky seed pods. While its vibrant fall foliage and stately form make it an attractive addition to many landscapes, its root system often becomes a concern for homeowners. Understanding sweetgum roots is important for landscape planning and maintenance.
Sweetgum Root System Characteristics
The sweetgum tree typically develops a widespread, fibrous root system. While young trees may have a noticeable taproot, this becomes less dominant as the tree matures. Instead, the tree develops extensive lateral roots that spread out from the trunk, sometimes quite close to the soil surface.
These roots provide stability, anchoring the tree firmly. The fibrous root network absorbs water and nutrients, supporting the tree’s growth. This efficient system allows sweetgums to compete effectively for resources.
How Deep and Wide Do Sweetgum Roots Grow
Sweetgum roots can spread significantly, often extending two to three times the width of the tree’s canopy. Many roots remain relatively shallow, typically within the top 12 to 24 inches of the soil. The exact depth and spread are influenced by several environmental factors.
Soil type plays a significant role; roots tend to be shallower in heavy clay, compacted, or poorly drained soils. In contrast, sweetgums can develop deeper roots in loose, well-drained soil, especially in bottomland or well-drained upland sites where a strong taproot may form. Water availability also impacts root development, with roots growing towards consistent moisture sources.
Potential Issues From Sweetgum Roots
The extensive and often shallow root system of sweetgum trees can lead to several common problems in residential settings. One frequent issue is the lifting and cracking of hardscape surfaces. Sidewalks, driveways, and patios are susceptible as expanding roots exert pressure, creating uneven surfaces and tripping hazards.
Sweetgum roots may also pose a risk to underground utility lines or foundations, though these instances are less common. Another concern is the intense competition sweetgum roots present to other plants. Their aggressive search for water and nutrients can inhibit the growth of lawn grass and other garden plants, often resulting in thin or struggling vegetation. Dense root mats can also make gardening or digging difficult near the tree.
Strategies for Managing Sweetgum Roots
Addressing or preventing issues caused by sweetgum roots begins with proper planning and planting. Plant sweetgum trees a sufficient distance from structures, such as 20 to 30 feet from buildings, driveways, and sidewalks. Planting 8 to 10 feet or more from curbs can help prevent lifting.
Root barriers redirect root growth, forcing roots deeper or in a different direction. These barriers are installed underground and can reduce surface roots near hardscapes. However, roots may still grow beneath barriers and reappear if soil conditions are favorable, and improper installation can girdle roots or affect tree stability.
Alternative landscaping choices can mitigate competition with turfgrass. Replacing struggling lawns under the tree with groundcovers or a thick layer of mulch can be beneficial. Mulching helps retain soil moisture and provides a suitable environment for the tree’s shallow roots, while also preventing mower damage to exposed roots.
Root pruning can manage problematic roots, but approach it with caution. This process involves cutting back roots causing damage, but a certified arborist should perform it to ensure the tree’s health and stability are not compromised. Removing more than 25% of the root system can endanger the tree, leading to instability or decline. In severe cases where root problems are extensive and cannot be managed, tree removal may be considered. Sweetgum trees can regenerate from root sprouts even after being cut down, necessitating further management to prevent new growth. Selecting alternative tree species more suitable for smaller spaces or with less aggressive root systems can be a proactive solution in new plantings.