The tropical herb lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, is prized globally for its intense citrus fragrance and flavor used in culinary and medicinal applications. For those outside its native tropical zones, cultivating this perennial plant in a container offers a perfect way to enjoy a fresh harvest. Growing lemongrass in a pot is an adaptable solution for gardeners with limited space or those who need to move plants indoors when the weather cools. This method allows the herb to thrive during the summer and ensures its survival year after year.
Initial Setup and Planting
Propagation
The most reliable way to begin growing lemongrass is by purchasing a small plant or rooting stalks acquired from a grocery store. To propagate from a store-bought stalk, select a firm piece with the root end intact and submerge the bottom inch in a glass of water. Change the water every few days, and once new roots emerge and reach about one to two inches in length, the stalk is ready for planting. Starting from seed is possible, but it is a slower process and generally not the preferred method for a quicker harvest.
Container and Soil
Lemongrass is a vigorous grower that develops an extensive root system, so selecting an appropriately large container is necessary for success. The pot should be at least 12 inches wide and deep, or roughly the size of a five-gallon bucket, and must have excellent drainage holes. Use a high-quality, fast-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging and root decay. Since lemongrass is a heavy feeder, incorporate aged compost or manure into the potting mix before planting to provide a substantial initial nutrient boost.
Essential Care and Growing Conditions
Lemongrass is a sun-loving plant that requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight each day to support robust growth and stalk development. Placing the container in the hottest, sunniest location available will encourage the plant to produce thick, flavorful stalks. Plants receiving insufficient light will become spindly and sparse, reducing the overall yield.
Potted lemongrass requires consistent moisture, especially as the plant grows larger. The soil should be kept evenly moist but never soggy, which may require watering daily during peak summer heat. Check the soil by inserting a finger two inches deep; if it feels dry, water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom.
Due to its rapid growth, potted lemongrass demands a regular feeding schedule to replenish nutrients consumed from the container soil. Apply a balanced, high-nitrogen liquid fertilizer every two to four weeks throughout the active summer growing season.
The tropical nature of the plant makes it resistant to many common garden pests outdoors. When the plant is brought inside for the winter, however, it can become susceptible to spider mites. These pests thrive in dry indoor air and can be managed by regularly misting the foliage or wiping the leaves with a gentle insecticidal soap solution.
Harvesting Techniques
Harvesting can begin once the lemongrass stalks have matured to a thickness of at least a half-inch at the base. The most aromatic and tender part is the lower white section, so remove the stalk as close to the soil line as possible using a sharp knife or pruners. Alternatively, a stalk can be twisted and pulled gently from the clump.
Harvest only the outer stalks, taking just a few at a time for immediate use, while leaving the central cluster undisturbed. This practice allows the plant to continue producing new growth throughout the season. Removing any dead or yellowed leaves from the base also helps maintain the plant’s vigor and improves air circulation.
Preparing Potted Lemongrass for Winter
Because lemongrass is a tender perennial, it is sensitive to cold and must be protected from freezing temperatures. Move the container indoors before the first expected frost, or when overnight temperatures consistently fall below 45°F. This ensures the plant survives the winter and is ready to resume growth the following spring.
Before moving the pot inside, trim the foliage back significantly, cutting the stalks down to a height of six to twelve inches. This reduction helps the plant conserve energy and reduces moisture loss during the winter. Once indoors, the plant enters a state of semi-dormancy, requiring minimal light and drastically reduced care. Water sparingly, perhaps once a month, allowing the soil to dry out completely, and stop all fertilization until spring.