Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a low-growing perennial herb valued for its distinctive appearance. It has a long history in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Its ease of cultivation makes it a popular choice for gardeners seeking an attractive groundcover. This guide covers its cultivation from planting to harvest.
Starting Gotu Kola
Gotu kola can be propagated from both seeds and cuttings. When planting from seed, sow them thinly onto a moist, well-draining potting mix. Seeds require some light; germination occurs within 2 to 3 weeks, though it can take up to 90 days. Maintain a soil temperature between 60°F and 75°F for successful sprouting.
Cuttings offer a quicker propagation method. Select a healthy stem section 4 to 6 inches long with a few leaves. Cut just below a leaf node, where roots emerge. Root cuttings in water or moist soil; transplant once a robust root system develops. In garden beds, space plants 12 to 24 inches apart to accommodate their spreading habit.
Creating the Ideal Environment
Gotu kola thrives in tropical and subtropical wetland conditions. It prefers partial shade to full sun; morning sun and afternoon shade are beneficial in hotter climates to prevent leaf scorch. While it tolerates full sun, consistent soil moisture becomes even more important.
Ideal soil is moist, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. Loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0) supports vigorous growth. Incorporating compost or well-rotted manure improves soil structure and nutrient content. While it appreciates consistent moisture, ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging and root issues.
Consistent watering is important; Gotu kola does not tolerate dry conditions. Keep soil evenly moist; daily watering may be necessary for potted plants during dry spells. It can be grown directly in shallow water or boggy areas, reflecting its natural habitat. It prefers warm temperatures (59°F-100.4°F / 15°C-38°C) and benefits from high humidity (around 70%).
Ongoing Care and Common Challenges
Regular feeding supports healthy growth, though Gotu kola is not a heavy feeder. Apply a balanced organic fertilizer or compost every four to six weeks during the active growing season (spring and summer). Diluted fish emulsion or seaweed extract also provides nutrients. Yellowing leaves can indicate a nutrient deficiency, suggesting a need for additional feeding.
Pruning helps manage the plant’s spread and encourages bushier growth. Regularly trimming back runners prevents the plant from becoming overly aggressive, especially in warm, moist climates. Removing dead or yellowing leaves also improves air circulation around the plant for overall health. Pinching off any developing flowers can direct the plant’s energy towards producing more foliage rather than seeds.
Gotu kola can encounter pests such as aphids, spider mites, slugs, or caterpillars. Organic insecticidal soap or neem oil spray manages these issues. Root rot is common with overwatering; ensure proper drainage and avoid waterlogged soil. Good air circulation also prevents fungal problems in damp conditions.
Harvesting and Utilizing Gotu Kola
Harvesting Gotu kola leaves is straightforward, beginning once the plant is well-established (about three to six months after planting). Leaves are ready for harvest when mature, green, and approximately 1 to 2 inches in diameter. Regular harvesting encourages new growth and maintains plant vigor.
To harvest, gently pinch or pluck leaves from the base of the stem, or use clean scissors or pruning shears. Avoid over-harvesting by taking no more than one-third of the foliage at a time, allowing it to regenerate. Gotu kola also spreads via runners, which can be harvested for propagation or to control spread.
Harvested leaves can be used in various ways. Fresh Gotu kola is often incorporated into salads or smoothies, offering a mild, slightly bitter taste. Leaves can also be dried for herbal teas or juiced for refreshing beverages.