Bells of Ireland, scientifically known as Moluccella laevis, is a distinctive annual favored by gardeners and florists for its unique appearance. Its appeal comes from tall spires covered in bright apple-green, bell-shaped calyxes, which are not the true flowers. These showy structures surround a tiny, fragrant white flower, creating a striking vertical element in the garden. Moluccella laevis is highly valued for its long vase life as a fresh cut flower and its ability to dry easily for long-term arrangements.
Preparing Seeds for Planting
Bells of Ireland seeds contain a natural germination inhibitor, requiring cold stratification for successful sprouting. This process mimics a natural winter period, helping break down the seed’s tough outer coat and internal dormancy. Achieve this by placing the seeds in a moist paper towel inside a sealed plastic bag and refrigerating them for one to two weeks at 35 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit (1.7 to 4.4 degrees Celsius).
Alternatively, sow the seeds in trays and place them outdoors during a period of natural cold, such as late fall or very early spring (vernalization). Once stratified, sow the seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the final expected frost, or direct-sow outdoors in early spring when the soil temperature is between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 16 degrees Celsius). Direct sowing is often preferred because the plant develops a sensitive taproot and does not respond well to transplanting. Press the seeds lightly onto the soil surface, as they require light exposure to germinate.
Site Selection and Soil Requirements
Bells of Ireland prefers cooler temperatures and struggles in intense summer heat. The plant grows best in a site that receives full sun (at least six hours of direct sunlight daily), but it will tolerate light afternoon shade in regions with hot climates. Optimal growth is achieved during a long, cool establishment period, resulting in the tallest, highest-quality stems.
The soil must be consistently moist yet feature excellent drainage, as waterlogged conditions quickly lead to root rot. Bells of Ireland thrive in moderately fertile soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH, ideally ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. Amending heavy clay soil with organic matter, such as compost, is advisable to improve drainage and aeration.
Ongoing Plant Care
Once established, Bells of Ireland requires consistent moisture, especially during the seedling and early growth stages. Keep the soil uniformly moist but never saturated. Watering at the base of the plant with drip irrigation or a soaker hose is recommended to keep the foliage dry, which helps prevent fungal issues like powdery mildew and leaf spot diseases.
As the plants mature, their tall growth habit necessitates support to prevent stems from bending or toppling over, particularly in windy areas. Installing horizontal netting or staking the plants early encourages straight stems. Bells of Ireland have moderate nutrient needs; preparing the planting bed with compost is often sufficient, but a balanced, slow-release fertilizer can be applied in poorer soils. Watch for sap-sucking pests like aphids and spider mites, treating minor infestations with insecticidal soap or a strong jet of water.
Cutting and Preserving the Stems
Timing the harvest correctly is essential for optimal vase life as a cut flower. Stems should be cut when the distinctive green calyxes are fully formed and firm to the touch, often when the small white flowers inside are just beginning to open. Harvesting in the cool air of the early morning is recommended, and the stems should be immediately placed into cool water for conditioning.
For fresh arrangements, strip all leaves from the lower portion of the stem, as they tend to yellow prematurely in the vase. The stiff calyxes allow fresh cuts to last up to two weeks, provided the water is changed every few days. To preserve the stems for dried arrangements, wait until the calyxes are completely firm. Hang the cut stems upside down in a dark, dry, and well-ventilated space to help them retain their green color and striking shape.