The Tiger Bark Ficus (Ficus microcarpa ‘Tiger Bark’) is known for its distinctive mottled bark pattern, which resembles tiger stripes. This, along with its resilience, makes it an excellent choice for new and experienced growers.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Tiger Bark Ficus thrives in bright, indirect light. Place near a south or west-facing window for ample sunlight, but protect from intense, direct midday sun to prevent scorched leaves. Insufficient light can lead to sparse growth and leaf drop. If grown indoors, supplemental grow lights can help maintain health and promote compact growth.
Watering
Watering Tiger Bark Ficus requires a delicate balance. It prefers soil to dry slightly between waterings, not tolerating prolonged drought or waterlogged conditions. To check soil moisture, insert a finger about a centimeter deep; if dry, water thoroughly. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause leaf drop. Room-temperature, soft water prevents root shock and ensures adequate hydration.
Soil
A well-draining soil mix is essential to prevent root rot and ensure healthy growth. While commercial potting mixes are available, specific bonsai mixes are often recommended. These often include components that provide good aeration and drainage. Such mixes allow for proper water retention while preventing overly dense, waterlogged soil.
Temperature and Humidity
As a tropical plant, Tiger Bark Ficus prefers warm, consistent temperatures, ideally 60°F to 85°F (15°C to 29°C). It is not frost tolerant; bring indoors if temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C). While it tolerates average indoor humidity due to its thick, waxy leaves, higher humidity encourages aerial root development. Increase ambient humidity by placing the plant on a humidity tray with pebbles and water, or by regular misting.
Fertilizing
During its active growing season (spring and summer), Tiger Bark Ficus benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two weeks. Some growers opt for organic fertilizer pellets. During colder months, if growing indoors, reduce fertilization to once every two to four weeks. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to leggy growth and harm the plant.
Pruning and Shaping
Regular pruning maintains the desired shape, size, and density, promoting bushier growth and overall plant health. The best time for significant pruning is during the growing season (spring and summer). Remove dead or yellowing leaves to contribute to the plant’s vigor and appearance.
Make clean cuts to encourage new shoots and healing. For general shaping, trim new growth to retain the desired form. For substantial trunk thickening, allow the ficus to grow freely for one to two years before strong cuts, as it responds vigorously even from old wood. Cover larger pruning wounds with cut paste to aid recovery.
Repotting
Repotting is generally necessary every two years, or when the plant shows signs of being root-bound (slow growth, roots emerging from drainage holes). The ideal time for repotting is during spring or early summer, when the plant is actively growing and recovers more easily. Choose a pot that accommodates its expanding root system.
During repotting, gently remove the plant from its current container and carefully loosen the old soil from the roots. While Ficus species tolerate root pruning, do so to minimize stress. After placing in its new pot with fresh, well-draining soil, ensure no air pockets by gently tamping down the soil and watering thoroughly.
Common Problems and Solutions
Tiger Bark Ficus can encounter common issues, often related to environmental factors. Leaf drop often signals stress from sudden environmental changes or incorrect watering. Adjust watering frequency and ensure consistent conditions.
Yellowing leaves can indicate overwatering (leading to root rot) or a nutrient deficiency. Check soil moisture before watering and ensure proper drainage. Brown leaf tips or edges point to low humidity, underwatering, or salt buildup from excessive fertilization. Increase humidity and occasionally flush the soil with plain water.
While generally pest-resistant, indoor Tiger Bark Ficus can attract common houseplant pests: spider mites, mealybugs, and scale. Inspect regularly for sticky residue or webbing for early detection. Treat with horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps. Fungal issues can occur due to persistent overwatering or excessively high humidity without adequate air circulation.
Bonsai Cultivation
The Tiger Bark Ficus is highly favored for bonsai cultivation due to its natural characteristics. Its small leaves, mottled bark, and aerial roots contribute to its appeal as a miniature tree. Its hardiness and vigorous growth make it tolerant of intensive bonsai techniques.
Bonsai techniques include wiring for shape, which is easy due to flexible branches. Regular pruning and pinching maintain desired size and foliage density, with the plant responding well to cutting even from old wood. Defoliation (removing leaves for new, smaller foliage) can be used, though it is an advanced technique. Root pruning during repotting manages the root ball and promotes fine root growth, essential for containerized trees. Promoting aerial root development, often achieved by high humidity, adds to the traditional banyan-style aesthetic.