Helichrysum, known as Everlasting or Strawflower, is a diverse plant genus valued for its unique papery blooms and aromatic foliage. Some varieties, like the Curry Plant (Helichrysum italicum), emit a distinct curry-like scent. These plants are notably drought-tolerant once established, and their ability to retain color and shape when dried makes them popular for everlasting arrangements.
Essential Growing Conditions
Helichrysum plants thrive when their native dry, rocky conditions are replicated. Understanding their preferences for light, soil, water, and temperature is key to successful cultivation.
Light Requirements
Helichrysum flourishes with ample sunlight, ideally six to eight hours of direct light daily. Full sun promotes robust growth and abundant flowering. Insufficient light leads to weak, leggy growth and fewer blooms. While some varieties tolerate partial shade, full sun yields the best results.
Soil Preferences
Well-draining soil is important for Helichrysum, as they are susceptible to root rot in waterlogged conditions. They prefer sandy or loamy soil, thriving even in poor to moderately fertile soils. An ideal soil pH ranges from slightly acidic to neutral, between 6.0 and 7.5. Incorporating perlite or coarse sand enhances drainage.
Watering Needs
Helichrysum plants are drought-tolerant once established. During initial growth, regular watering helps them settle. Allow the top inch or two (2.5-5 cm) of soil to dry completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common pitfall, as it deprives roots of oxygen and can quickly lead to root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
Helichrysum species prefer moderate temperatures and are best suited for USDA hardiness zones 8 to 11, though some grow as annuals in colder regions. They tolerate temperatures from 0 to 35 degrees Celsius (32 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) but require frost protection, as many are frost-tender. Moderate humidity levels are suitable.
Ongoing Care and Maintenance
Consistent care and maintenance help Helichrysum plants maintain vigor and attractive appearance throughout the growing season.
Fertilization
Helichrysum plants are not heavy feeders and require minimal fertilization. Excessive nutrients can lead to leggy growth, compromising their bushy form. If fertilization is needed, especially in poor soils or for container plants, apply a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer or liquid feed (e.g., 10-10-10 NPK) sparingly. A light application every four to six weeks is sufficient during the active growing season.
Pruning and Deadheading
Regular pruning helps maintain the plant’s shape, encourages bushier growth, and improves air circulation, which can deter disease. Light pruning in spring is beneficial, but avoid cutting into old, woody stems. Deadheading, the removal of spent flowers, encourages the plant to produce more blooms and prevents it from expending energy on seed production. This practice can extend the flowering period significantly.
Addressing Common Problems
While Helichrysum plants are resilient, they can encounter pests and diseases. Early detection and intervention are important for plant health. Many problems relate to environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of proper cultural practices.
Pests
Helichrysum is resistant to many common garden pests, but aphids and spider mites can be an issue. Aphids feed on plant sap, causing stunted or misshapen growth. A strong water spray can dislodge aphids, or insecticidal soap can be applied for severe infestations. Regular inspection, especially of leaf undersides, helps early detection.
Diseases
Root rot is the most prevalent disease affecting Helichrysum, a result of overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include wilting, yellowing leaves, and soft, mushy stems. Preventing root rot involves ensuring excellent soil drainage and allowing the soil to dry between waterings. Powdery mildew, characterized by a white, powdery growth on leaves, can occur with poor air circulation or high humidity. Improving airflow around plants and avoiding overhead watering helps prevent this fungal issue.
Harvesting and Uses
Many Helichrysum varieties are prized for their flowers and foliage, which can be harvested for various decorative and culinary purposes. The timing and method of harvesting impact the quality of the preserved material.
Helichrysum flowers, particularly ‘Strawflower’ types (Helichrysum bracteatum), are well-suited for drying due to their papery texture. For optimal drying, harvest flowers when the outermost layer of bracts has opened, but before the central disc is fully exposed, as they continue to open as they dry. After cutting, strip foliage from stems, tie into small bunches, and hang upside down in a warm, dry, well-ventilated area for two to three weeks. This method helps stems dry straight and preserves the flower’s shape and color.
Beyond dried arrangements, some Helichrysum species, like Helichrysum italicum (Curry Plant), have culinary and aromatic applications. Their leaves and young shoots can impart a curry-like aroma to dishes, though typically removed before serving. Essential oil from Helichrysum is also used in perfumery. Dried flowers can even season food, such as roasted potatoes.