The Crassula perforata, commonly known as String of Buttons, offers a unique aesthetic for any indoor plant collection. Its stacked, button-like leaves make it an eye-catching succulent. Whether displayed in hanging baskets or on shelves, this plant brings a charming touch to diverse spaces.
Understanding String of Buttons
What is it?
The String of Buttons, botanically named Crassula perforata, is a succulent from South Africa. It is also known as Necklace Vine or Pagoda Plant. This plant features slender, gray-brown stems that can grow up to 2 feet tall and spread 2 to 3 feet wide, initially growing upright and later becoming more trailing. Its most distinguishing feature is its thick, fleshy, triangular-shaped leaves, which are typically gray-green and grow in opposing pairs, spiraling around the stem to create a stacked appearance.
Unique Characteristics
The leaves often develop rosy pink or reddish edges when exposed to sufficient light, enhancing its ornamental value. Small, pale yellow or white star-shaped flowers may appear in clusters during the spring, though some gardeners choose to remove them after blooming.
Caring for String of Buttons
Light Requirements
Crassula perforata thrives in bright, indirect sunlight. Placing the plant in a south or west-facing window indoors, where it can receive several hours of daily sunlight, is ideal. If grown outdoors, a spot with partial sun is suitable to prevent scorching the leaves.
Watering Needs
Like most succulents, String of Buttons is drought-tolerant and susceptible to overwatering. The “soak and dry” method is recommended: water thoroughly until water drains from the pot, then allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again. Checking the soil moisture by inserting a finger about 1-2 inches deep can help determine when to water. Watering frequency typically ranges from once a week in direct sunlight to every 2-3 weeks in indirect light, with reduced watering needed during the plant’s dormant winter period.
Soil and Potting
Well-draining soil is crucial for Crassula perforata to prevent root rot. A succulent or cactus mix, which typically contains sand or perlite for improved drainage, is suitable. Using pots with drainage holes, such as terracotta, helps excess water escape, ensuring a healthy root environment.
Temperature and Humidity
Crassula perforata prefers warm temperatures, with an ideal range between 60°F and 85°F (15°C and 29°C). It is not frost-tolerant; temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause damage or death. Indoor plants should be kept in stable temperatures, away from cold drafts or direct airflow from heating or cooling vents. The plant tolerates average household humidity levels and thrives in dry air, so additional humidity is not required.
Fertilizing
Crassula perforata does not require heavy fertilization. During its active growing period in spring and summer, a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or a succulent-specific fertilizer diluted to one-quarter strength can be applied once a month. Fertilizing should be avoided during the winter dormancy period. Over-fertilizing can lead to weak growth.
Pruning and Maintenance
While Crassula perforata is a low-maintenance plant, occasional pruning helps maintain its shape and encourages fuller growth. Trimming back leggy or stretched stems keeps the plant compact and promotes branching. Using clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears, cuts should be made just above a leaf node. Regularly removing dead or discolored leaves also helps prevent potential pest issues.
Propagating String of Buttons
Stem Cuttings
Propagating Crassula perforata from stem cuttings is a reliable method. Select a healthy stem section that is about 3-4 inches long, ensuring it has several leaves. After taking the cutting, allow the cut end to dry and form a callus for 2-3 days in a dry, shaded area; this step helps prevent rot when planted. Once calloused, plant the cutting in a pot filled with well-draining succulent soil mix, water lightly, and place it in a location with bright, indirect light. Roots typically develop within a few weeks.
Leaf Cuttings
Propagating Crassula perforata from individual leaves is also possible, though slower than stem cuttings. Gently twist a healthy, mature leaf from the main stem, ensuring a clean pull. Allow the leaf to callus over for a day or two before placing it on well-draining soil. Maintain slight moisture in the soil, and new rosettes will eventually sprout from the base of the leaf.
Common Issues and Solutions
Overwatering and Rot
Overwatering is a frequent problem for succulents like Crassula perforata, leading to root rot. Symptoms include mushy stems, yellowing leaves, or a general decline in plant health. If overwatering is suspected, allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. If root rot has occurred, the plant may need to be repotted into fresh, dry succulent mix after inspecting and removing any damaged roots.
Underwatering and Wrinkled Leaves
While drought-tolerant, Crassula perforata can show signs of underwatering. Shriveled or wrinkled leaves indicate the plant is not retaining enough water. A thorough watering, allowing water to drain completely, should help the leaves plump up again.
Pests
Crassula perforata is generally resistant to pests, but can occasionally attract common succulent pests such as mealybugs, aphids, or spider mites. These pests can be found on the undersides of leaves or along stems. Regular inspection helps with early detection. Treatment options include applying insecticidal soap or neem oil to the affected areas, typically weekly until the pests are gone.
Lack of Growth or Legginess
A Crassula perforata that appears stretched out or “leggy” with increased spacing between leaves is often a sign of insufficient light. The plant is stretching to find more light. To address this, move the plant to a brighter location where it receives more indirect sunlight. Pruning back the leggy stems can encourage bushier growth and a more compact form, and the cuttings can often be used for propagation.