Reindeer lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) offers a unique living decorative element for indoor enthusiasts. Often mistaken for moss, this organism is not a traditional plant, and its care differs significantly from typical houseplants. Successful indoor cultivation requires understanding its natural habitat and biological makeup.
Understanding Reindeer Lichen
Reindeer lichen is a symbiotic organism, comprising a fungus (mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (photobiont) living in a mutually beneficial relationship. The fungus provides structure and absorbs water and minerals from the air, while the alga photosynthesizes, producing food for both. This partnership allows reindeer lichen to thrive in environments where most plants cannot, such as arctic tundras, boreal forests, and pine heaths.
Unlike traditional plants, reindeer lichen lacks roots, stems, or leaves. It absorbs moisture and nutrients directly from the atmosphere through its porous, branched structure. A key adaptation is its ability to enter a dormant state when dry, becoming brittle and crunchy. It then rehydrates and regains its soft, spongy texture when moisture returns. This allows it to survive extreme conditions, though repeated severe dehydration can be detrimental over time.
Essential Care Requirements
Successfully maintaining reindeer lichen indoors requires replicating aspects of its native environment, focusing on moisture, light, temperature, and air circulation.
Humidity and Moisture
Moisture is paramount for reindeer lichen, which directly absorbs water from the air. Regular misting with distilled or rainwater is necessary to keep it hydrated, especially in dry indoor environments. A soft, pliable, and spongy texture indicates proper hydration; a brittle or crunchy feel indicates dehydration. While high humidity is beneficial, avoid standing water or waterlogging. Employing a humidifier or placing the lichen in an open terrarium or cloche can help maintain consistent ambient humidity.
Light
Reindeer lichen thrives in low, indirect light. Direct sunlight can quickly dry out the lichen and cause irreversible damage. Position it in a north-facing window or a shaded area of a brightly lit room. Its natural habitats, with open canopies providing diffused light, serve as a good reference for indoor placement.
Temperature
Cool to moderate room temperatures are ideal for reindeer lichen. While its natural habitats experience temperatures from 5-15°C during active growth, an indoor temperature around 21°C (70°F) is generally acceptable. Avoid extreme heat or sudden temperature fluctuations, as these stress the lichen and impede its ability to absorb moisture.
Air Circulation
Good air circulation is important for preventing problems, particularly in humid environments. Stagnant air, especially within poorly ventilated terrariums, can encourage mold growth. While a cloche or open terrarium helps maintain humidity, ensure some airflow to prevent excessive moisture buildup on the lichen’s surface. Completely sealed containers are not recommended for live reindeer lichen.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even with careful attention, reindeer lichen can encounter common issues, primarily related to moisture balance.
When dry, reindeer lichen becomes brittle and crunchy. To rehydrate, gently mist with distilled or rainwater until it regains its soft, pliable texture. Increasing ambient humidity, perhaps with a humidifier, can also aid recovery. While reindeer lichen can revive from drying, repeated or prolonged severe dehydration can weaken it.
Mold or rot can occur with excessive moisture and poor air circulation. Mold appears as fuzzy patches; if identified, gently remove affected portions and immediately improve ventilation. Slightly reducing misting frequency can also help. Rot, less common, results from prolonged waterlogging, causing mushy, discolored lichen.
Longevity and Handling Tips
With appropriate care, live reindeer lichen can persist for many years indoors. Its delicate structure requires gentle handling, particularly when dry, as dehydrated branches are fragile and can easily break or crumble.
Avoid excessive touching or manipulating the lichen to prevent physical damage. If dusting is necessary, use a very soft brush to lightly clear away any accumulated particles. Reindeer lichen can be displayed in open terrariums, decorative bowls, or mounted on various substrates, provided these setups meet its specific moisture and light requirements. Selecting display methods that support its need for atmospheric moisture and indirect light will contribute to its long-term health.