Purple anise (Illicium floridanum) is an evergreen shrub offering year-round visual interest in gardens. Appreciated for its unique ornamental qualities, it’s a valuable addition for gardeners seeking a distinctive, low-maintenance plant.
Understanding Purple Anise
Purple anise (Illicium floridanum) is an evergreen shrub native to the southeastern United States, including Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, extending into northern Mexico. It features glossy, dark olive-green leaves up to 6 inches long. In spring, it produces deep reddish-purple, star-shaped flowers, typically 2 inches across, with numerous strap-like petals.
Its distinctive scent is notable. Crushed leaves release an anise-like or liquorice-like aroma. The flowers, however, can have a more pungent or musky fragrance, sometimes described as “fishy” or “malodorous” upon close inspection.
Growing Purple Anise
Purple anise thrives in partial to full shade conditions. While it can tolerate some morning sun, prolonged direct afternoon sunlight can lead to leaf scorch or lighter foliage color. Optimal growth occurs in moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
The plant prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH. Consistent moisture is important, especially during establishment and dry periods. While it shows moderate drought tolerance once mature, supplemental watering may be necessary during extended dry spells.
Purple anise is hardy in USDA Zones 7 through 10. It prefers moderate temperatures and humid environments. Pruning is generally minimal, focusing on maintaining the plant’s shape and removing any dead or damaged branches. The best time for shaping or more substantial pruning is in late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. This plant is resistant to most pests and diseases, due in part to aromatic compounds in its leaves.
Distinguishing Purple Anise from Edible Anise Plants
Purple anise (Illicium floridanum) is toxic if ingested and not suitable for consumption. It should never be used as a culinary spice or substitute for edible anise varieties. All parts of the plant, including leaves, fruits, and seeds, are toxic to humans and livestock, and can cause severe gastrointestinal issues.
Purple anise is distinct from true star anise (Illicium verum), the culinary species native to China and Vietnam. It also differs from common anise (Pimpinella anisum), an herb from the parsley family whose seeds are used as a spice. Proper identification is crucial to avoid accidental poisoning, especially since Illicium floridanum’s star-shaped fruit can resemble culinary star anise.
Landscape Uses of Purple Anise
Purple anise is a versatile shrub for various garden designs. Its preference for shade makes it an excellent choice for woodland gardens, understory plantings beneath larger trees, or in foundation plantings along the shaded sides of buildings. It can also serve as a hedge or screen due to its dense, evergreen foliage, providing year-round privacy.
The plant’s ability to thrive in moist conditions makes it well-suited for rain gardens or areas with consistent soil moisture. It is resistant to deer, its aromatic compounds deter browsing. Its unique flowers and evergreen leaves provide continuous aesthetic interest throughout the seasons.