The Epiphyllum oxypetalum, widely known as the Princess of the Night flower, is a distinctive plant celebrated for its captivating and ephemeral blossoms. It is also recognized as Night Blooming Cereus and Queen of the Night. Its allure stems from its rare nocturnal blooms, which unfold only after dusk.
The most remarkable feature is its singular nocturnal blooming event. The large, waterlily-like flowers, up to 12 inches long and 8 inches wide, begin to unfurl in the early evening. These white blossoms reach their full glory around midnight and then wither by dawn, lasting only a few hours.
Accompanying the visual spectacle is a strong, sweet fragrance that permeates the night air. This scent attracts nocturnal pollinators like moths and bats in its native habitat. The bloom’s short duration and timing are evolutionary adaptations for efficient pollination.
Cultivating Your Princess
Light Requirements
Epiphyllum oxypetalum thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural understory habitat. An east or north-facing window is ideal for indoor cultivation. While it appreciates ample light, direct afternoon sun can burn the plant’s leaves. Outdoors, partial shade is recommended, especially during the hottest parts of the day. Adequate light levels are necessary to encourage flowering.
Watering Practices
Appropriate watering prevents root rot. During the active growing season (spring and summer), water regularly, allowing the top inch or two of soil to dry out between waterings. Saturate the soil until water drains from the pot’s bottom. Reduce watering significantly in late fall and winter during dormancy, watering only once a month or when the soil is completely dry.
Soil and Potting
As an epiphytic cactus, the Princess of the Night requires a well-draining potting mix for good aeration. Combine a cactus and succulent mix with perlite, coarse sand, or orchid bark to prevent waterlogging. The plant benefits from being somewhat root-bound; repot every two to three years into a slightly larger pot. Ensure the pot has drainage holes for proper water runoff.
Temperature and Humidity
Epiphyllum oxypetalum prefers moderate temperatures, ideally 50°F to 80°F (10°C to 27°C). It is sensitive to frost; bring indoors if temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C). The plant thrives in 40-50% humidity. In dry environments, use a humidity tray, mist the foliage, or place a humidifier nearby.
Fertilization
Fertilize regularly during the growing season to support healthy growth and flower production. Apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20), diluted to half strength, monthly from spring through fall. Formulas high in phosphorus or potassium can encourage blooming. Reduce or stop fertilization during winter dormancy. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can burn the plant.
Propagation and Maintenance
Propagation
Propagating the Princess of the Night is straightforward using stem cuttings. Use healthy, mature segments 4-6 inches long. Allow the cut end to callus for a few days before planting into a well-draining soil mix. Keep the cutting in a warm, bright location out of direct sunlight, watering sparingly until roots form.
Maintenance
Light pruning maintains shape, removes dead or damaged stems, or manages size. Prune after flowering or in early spring before new growth. While the plant may appear untidy, removing awkward growth will not harm it. Avoid excessive pruning, especially of older stems, as they are often the first to flower.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
A common concern is the plant not blooming, often due to insufficient light or nutrients. Ensure bright, indirect light and a phosphorus-rich fertilizer during the growing season to stimulate flowering. Young or recently propagated plants may take a few years to mature. A cooler, drier rest period in winter can also encourage bud formation.
Pests
Pests like mealybugs and scale insects can affect the Princess of the Night. For mealybugs, wipe them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol (70% isopropyl alcohol). For scale, use a soft-bristle toothbrush dipped in a solution of rubbing alcohol and a few drops of dish soap to scrub them off. Regular inspection and prompt treatment manage infestations.
Leaf Discoloration
Leaf discoloration indicates a care imbalance. Yellowed foliage suggests overwatering or insufficient light; brown or crispy leaves point to underwatering or too much direct sunlight. Root rot, with soft, brown roots and wilting leaves, results from overwatering or poorly draining soil. Adjusting watering and ensuring proper drainage resolve these issues.