Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ is a distinctive cultivar of the popular succulent often known as Elephant Bush, Spekboom, or Dwarf Jade. This appealing plant is favored by both novice and experienced succulent enthusiasts due to its ease of care and striking appearance. Its unique golden or variegated foliage sets it apart, adding a bright touch to any collection.
Unique Characteristics
Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ is distinguished by its vibrant foliage. New leaves emerge bright golden-ochre, gradually transitioning to a bright lime green as they mature. This dynamic coloration provides a continuous display of warm hues, especially when the plant receives ample sunlight. The stems are typically reddish-brown, offering a beautiful contrast. This variety exhibits a bushy and compact growth habit, though young plants may start with a more spreading form.
Portulacaria Afra Gold Care
Light Needs
Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ thrives in bright light, which is essential for maintaining its vibrant golden variegation. Provide at least six hours of bright, indirect light daily. While it tolerates some direct morning sun, protect it from harsh afternoon sunlight to prevent scorching. Indoors, a south or west-facing window is suitable. Insufficient light causes etiolation, leading to leggy stems and dull leaf color.
Watering
Proper watering is crucial for Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’. Use the “soak and dry” method, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. During the active growing season, water more consistently, but still allow the soil to dry thoroughly. Reduce watering significantly in cooler months or dormancy. Soft or wrinkled leaves often indicate the plant needs water.
Soil Requirements
A well-draining and well-aerated soil mix prevents waterlogging and promotes healthy root development. A commercial succulent or cactus mix is suitable for Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’. Custom blends can be created by amending regular potting soil with materials like perlite, pumice, or coarse sand to improve drainage. Adding materials like pea gravel or poultry grit can further enhance drainage. Unglazed terracotta pots are often preferred as they allow for better evaporation of excess moisture.
Temperature and Humidity
Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ prefers warmer temperatures, ideally 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). It is heat-tolerant and can thrive in hot climates, but it is not frost-tolerant, requiring protection below 30°F (-1°C). If grown outdoors in cold winter regions, bring the plant indoors before night temperatures consistently drop below 40°F (4°C). While it tolerates dry air, a moderately humid environment benefits indoor plants.
Fertilizing
Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ requires minimal fertilization. During its active growing season, apply a light, diluted, balanced succulent fertilizer every four to six weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can cause nutrient burn. Withhold fertilization during winter months when the plant’s growth slows or enters dormancy.
Propagation
Propagating Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ is easy using stem cuttings. Take a healthy stem cutting, two to three inches long, with several leaves. Allow the cut end to dry and form a callus for a few days to prevent rot. Once calloused, plant the cutting in a well-draining succulent potting mix. Roots typically form within two to three weeks.
Pruning and Shaping
Pruning Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’ maintains its shape, encourages bushier growth, and removes unruly branches. This plant is also popular for bonsai due to its tree-like structure and ability to back-bud. When pruning, make clean cuts just above a node or branching point to stimulate new growth. Regular pruning during the active growing season creates denser foliage and a more compact form. Removing inward or downward-growing branches improves appearance and air circulation.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Leaf drop is a common problem for Portulacaria afra ‘Gold’, often caused by overwatering or insufficient light. Overwatering leads to soft, mushy stems and root rot, while underwatering causes leaves to shrivel. Adjust watering to allow the soil to dry completely between sessions.
Lack of variegation or dull leaf color indicates insufficient light, requiring a brighter location. Leggy growth also signals inadequate light. Mealybugs can be a problem and are treated with insecticidal soap.