The Pilea Artillery Fern, known scientifically as Pilea microphylla, is a houseplant recognized for its delicate appearance. Its small, bright green leaves grow densely on numerous branching stems, creating a bushy, fern-like texture. This plant earned its common name, “Artillery Fern,” due to the unique way its male flowers forcefully expel pollen into the air. It is generally considered easy to care for, making it suitable for both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts.
Caring for Your Pilea Artillery Fern
Light
Pilea Artillery Ferns thrive in bright, indirect light. An ideal placement is near a north or east-facing window, receiving ample light without direct sun exposure. Too much direct sunlight, especially harsh afternoon sun, can scorch its tiny leaves, leading to browning or yellowing. Insufficient light can cause leggy growth with sparse foliage and a duller green color.
Watering
The plant prefers consistently moist soil, but avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Allow the top inch or two of the soil to dry out between waterings before rehydrating thoroughly. During the active growing season in spring and summer, the plant may require more frequent watering. In cooler winter months, watering should be reduced.
Soil
The ideal soil mix for Pilea Artillery Ferns is well-draining, airy, and rich in organic matter. A standard potting mix amended with perlite or coarse sand ensures good drainage and aeration. A mix formulated for African violets can also be suitable, providing both moisture retention and adequate drainage. Good drainage prevents the soil from becoming waterlogged, which is detrimental to the plant’s root system.
Humidity and Temperature
Pilea Artillery Ferns prefer moderate to high humidity, ideally ranging between 50% and 70%. While they adapt to average indoor humidity, higher levels encourage more robust growth. To increase humidity, place the plant on a pebble tray filled with water, group it with other plants, or use a room humidifier. The plant thrives in warm temperatures, with an ideal range of 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C). It tolerates temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C to 27°C) but requires protection from cold drafts and temperatures below 50°F (10°C).
Fertilization
During the growing season (spring through summer), a Pilea Artillery Fern benefits from light fertilization. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Apply fertilizer every two to four weeks during this period to support healthy growth. Reduce or stop fertilization completely during the fall and winter months, as the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Propagating Pilea Artillery Fern
Propagating Pilea Artillery Ferns is straightforward. Stem cuttings are the most common and successful method. Select a healthy stem section a few inches long with several leaves. Remove the lower leaves to expose a few nodes.
The prepared cuttings can be rooted in water or directly in a moist potting mix. If rooting in water, place the cut end into a container of room-temperature water, ensuring the nodes are submerged. For rooting in soil, insert the cutting into a well-draining potting mix. Keep the rooting medium consistently moist and provide warmth and indirect light to encourage root development.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Pilea Artillery Ferns can exhibit signs of stress if care requirements are not met. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering (leading to root issues) or underwatering (causing dehydration). Drooping leaves signal a need for water or suggest low humidity.
Leggy growth, characterized by stretched stems and sparse foliage, points to insufficient light. Moving the plant to a brighter location with indirect sunlight can correct this. Common houseplant pests like spider mites and mealybugs can affect Pilea Artillery Ferns. Inspecting the plant regularly and treating infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil manages these issues.
Unique Characteristics and Safety
The Pilea Artillery Fern is named for its unique pollen dispersal. When the plant’s tiny male flowers mature, they explosively release pollen into the air. This is most noticeable when the plant is in bloom and conditions are favorable. The flowers are small and greenish, not particularly showy, but their explosive pollen release is distinctive.
This plant is non-toxic to humans and common household pets, including dogs, cats, and horses. While ingestion of large quantities of any plant material can potentially cause mild stomach upset, the Pilea Artillery Fern does not contain harmful compounds. This makes it a safe choice for homes with curious pets or small children.