The Philodendron serpens is known for its distinctive features. Its dark green, heart-shaped leaves provide a lush backdrop to its most striking characteristic: the “serpens” or snake-like appearance of its petioles. These petioles are covered in dense, short, recurved hairs, giving them a fuzzy texture. This climbing plant, native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, is a popular choice for indoor collections.
Philodendron Serpens Care
Light
Philodendron serpens thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking the dappled sunlight it receives under a rainforest canopy. Placing it near a window with filtered sunlight, perhaps through a sheer curtain, can diffuse direct sun exposure. Direct sun can scorch or fade leaves, while insufficient light leads to slow growth or pale, yellow leaves. Leggy growth with long spaces between leaves often indicates a need for more light.
Watering
Proper watering is crucial for Philodendron serpens. The plant prefers its soil to be consistently moist but not waterlogged, reflecting its natural habitat where water drains quickly. Check the top inch or two of soil; if it feels dry, water thoroughly until drainage occurs. Yellowing leaves can signal overwatering, while wilting or crispy brown leaves may indicate underwatering.
Soil
A well-draining, rich potting mix that retains some moisture is suitable for Philodendron serpens. Components like orchid bark, perlite, and coco coir can be added to standard potting soil to improve aeration and drainage. This helps prevent root rot. The plant prefers a slightly acidic soil pH, typically between 5.0 and 7.0.
Humidity and Temperature
Philodendron serpens thrives in high humidity, ideally between 60% and 80%. Methods to increase humidity include using a room humidifier, placing the plant on a pebble tray, or grouping plants together. The plant prefers warm temperatures, generally ranging from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). It is sensitive to sudden temperature changes and cold drafts, so place it away from vents or frequently opened doors.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization during the growing season supports lush growth. A balanced, water-soluble liquid fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 formula, can be applied monthly or every 4-6 weeks from spring through summer. Diluting the fertilizer to half strength helps prevent over-fertilization, which can lead to salt buildup and leaf burn. During fall and winter, reduce or cease fertilization entirely.
Propagating Philodendron Serpens
Stem cuttings are the most common propagation method. Select a healthy stem with at least two or three leaves and a node. Make a clean cut just below a node, then remove any leaves from the lower part of the cutting.
Rooting Cuttings
Cuttings can be rooted in water, sphagnum moss, or perlite. If using water, submerge the nodes in room-temperature, chlorine-free water and change the water every few days. Once roots are several inches long, transfer the cutting to a well-draining potting mix. For direct soil propagation, plant the cutting in moist, well-draining soil, ensuring the nodes are covered, and place it in an area with bright, indirect light.
Repotting Philodendron Serpens
Repotting is necessary when the plant outgrows its current container, typically every one to two years. Signs include roots emerging from drainage holes or circling the pot, and stunted growth. The best time to repot is during the growing season, in spring or early summer.
Repotting Process
Choose a new pot only slightly larger than the previous one, generally two to three inches wider, to avoid overwatering issues. Use a fresh, well-draining potting mix. Gently remove the plant, loosen any circling roots, and place it in the new container, filling around the root ball with fresh soil.
Common Issues with Philodendron Serpens
Common issues often signal a need to adjust care practices. Yellowing leaves can result from overwatering, underwatering, or nutrient deficiency. Consistently soggy soil can cause root rot, leading to yellow, wilting leaves. Conversely, dry, crispy leaves with brown tips often indicate insufficient watering or low humidity.
Addressing Issues
Leggy growth, characterized by long stems with sparse leaves, typically points to inadequate light. Moving the plant to a brighter location can encourage more compact growth. Philodendron serpens can also be susceptible to pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. Regularly inspecting the plant, particularly the undersides of leaves, and promptly treating infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil can help.