The Philodendron selloum, formally known as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, is a popular indoor plant. Also called the Split-Leaf Philodendron, Lacy Tree Philodendron, or Horsehead Philodendron, this tropical species features large, deeply lobed, glossy green leaves. Its impressive foliage creates a lush display, making it a statement plant.
Philodendron Selloum Care Needs
Light Requirements
Philodendron selloum thrives in bright, indirect light. An east or west-facing window, providing filtered sunlight, is ideal. Too much direct sun can scorch leaves, while insufficient light leads to slow growth, smaller, paler leaves, or leggy stems. Rotating the plant periodically ensures even growth and light exposure.
Watering Practices
Philodendron selloum prefers consistently moist, but not saturated, soil. Water thoroughly until drainage occurs, then allow the top one to two inches of soil to dry between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering may lead to yellowing or brown, crispy leaves. During cooler winter months, reduce watering frequency as growth slows.
Ideal Soil Mix
A well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter is optimal for Philodendron selloum. A suitable blend includes peat moss or coco coir for moisture retention, combined with perlite, pumice, or coarse sand for drainage and aeration. Incorporating compost or worm castings can provide additional nutrients. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0.
Temperature and Humidity
Philodendron selloum prefers warm and humid conditions. The ideal indoor temperature range is 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C), though it tolerates temperatures down to 55°F (13°C). Colder temperatures can impede growth or damage foliage. Moderate to high humidity, ideally 40% to 60%, supports lush foliage. Misting leaves regularly or using a humidifier helps maintain adequate humidity.
Fertilizing Schedule
During its active growing season, Philodendron selloum benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced, water-soluble liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two to four weeks. Water the plant well before fertilizing to prevent root burn. During dormant winter months, reduce or stop fertilization to prevent nutrient buildup.
Pruning and Repotting
Pruning Philodendron selloum helps maintain its shape and remove yellowing, damaged, or dead leaves. Use clean, sharp shears to make cuts near the main stem or at a leaf node. This promotes healthier growth.
Repotting is necessary when the plant outgrows its container, indicated by circling roots or roots emerging from drainage holes. The best time is during spring or early summer, when the plant is actively growing. Select a new pot two to four inches larger in diameter with drainage holes. Gently remove the plant, inspect roots, and place it in the new pot with fresh, well-draining soil at the same depth.
Propagating Philodendron Selloum
Propagating Philodendron selloum is achieved through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem with at least two or three leaves and a node, which is where roots will form. Using clean, sharp shears, cut just below a node. Remove any leaves that would be submerged if rooting in water.
Place the cutting in a glass of water, ensuring the node is submerged, changing the water every few days. Alternatively, plant the cutting directly into a moist, well-draining potting mix. Place the cutting in bright, indirect light and maintain consistent moisture. Roots typically develop within a few weeks, after which the new plant can be cared for like a mature one.
Common Issues and Solutions
Philodendron selloum can show distress from environmental factors or pests. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering, while brown, crispy leaf edges suggest underwatering or low humidity. Leggy growth and smaller, pale leaves point to inadequate light.
The plant can attract pests like spider mites (indicated by fine webbing), mealybugs (white, cottony masses), and scale insects (small, oval bumps). For infestations, wipe leaves with a soapy cloth or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil. Regular inspection and good air circulation help prevent issues.
Safety Considerations
Philodendron selloum contains calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested, these crystals can cause irritation and discomfort. Symptoms in humans and pets may include oral irritation, burning sensations in the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.
Place Philodendron selloum plants out of reach of children and pets. When handling the plant, wearing gloves can help prevent skin irritation from its sap.