The Philodendron quelelii is a tropical hemiepiphyte native to the warm, humid rainforests of Ecuador. It is sought after as a houseplant for its lush, velvety foliage, which is often rounder than other common philodendrons. This guide covers the cultivation and care of P. quelelii in a home environment.
Environmental Requirements
Successful growth requires replicating the filtered light conditions of its native jungle understory. The plant thrives best in bright, indirect light, such as near an east-facing window or several feet from a south or west-facing window. Avoid direct sunlight entirely, as intense rays can scorch the delicate leaves. Low light causes the plant to stretch out, resulting in “leggy” growth.
Maintaining a stable, warm temperature is important for this tropical species. The ideal range is 65°F to 80°F during the day. This philodendron is sensitive to cold; temperatures consistently below 55°F or exposure to cold drafts can cause serious damage.
High ambient moisture is necessary for the plant to flourish. As a rainforest native, P. quelelii requires moderate to high humidity, ideally 60% or higher. Dry air often results in brown, crispy tips or edges on the leaves. To increase local humidity, use a dedicated humidifier or place the pot on a pebble tray filled with water, ensuring the pot does not sit directly in the water.
Soil, Potting, and Support
The substrate must be airy and highly porous to satisfy its hemiepiphytic growth habit. Standard potting soil is often too dense, leading to compacted roots and poor oxygen exchange. A chunky, well-draining mix rich in organic matter is necessary to promote healthy root growth and prevent root rot. A suitable blend includes components such as:
- Orchid bark
- Perlite
- Coco coir
- Peat moss or coco peat
When selecting a container, ensure it has ample drainage holes, as standing water is detrimental to the roots. Repotting should only be done when the plant is visibly rootbound (roots tightly circling the pot interior). This usually occurs every one to two years, and the best time is during the active growing season in spring.
As a climbing species, P. quelelii benefits from a vertical support structure to facilitate mature growth. Providing a moss pole, coir pole, or wooden board encourages climbing, resulting in larger, more developed leaves. The support material should be kept consistently saturated so the aerial roots can properly anchor and absorb moisture. Secure the main stem to the support using soft ties until the aerial roots naturally attach themselves.
Watering and Feeding Schedule
The correct watering technique involves allowing the substrate to partially dry out between applications. Water the plant thoroughly until water flows freely from the drainage holes, then discard any excess water from the saucer. Water again when the top one to two inches of the soil mix feel completely dry. Overwatering is a common issue that can lead to root rot.
Maintaining a consistent watering schedule is important, as both underwatering and overwatering can cause the leaves to droop. Using filtered water or rainwater is preferable, as it avoids the buildup of mineral salts found in tap water. The plant requires consistent nutrient input, particularly during its peak growing period.
Fertilization should occur throughout the spring and summer months when the plant is actively producing new growth. Apply a balanced, diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer every two to four weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can burn the roots and damage the plant. Stop fertilizer application entirely during the late fall and winter when growth naturally slows down.
Propagation and Troubleshooting
Propagation
Propagation is most successfully achieved through the stem cutting method during the active spring or summer growing season. A cutting must be taken from a healthy stem and include at least one node, the small bump where a leaf or aerial root emerges. Roots will generate from this node, allowing a new plant to form.
Cuttings can be rooted in either water or a moist substrate like sphagnum moss or perlite. When rooting in water, ensure only the node is submerged and change the water every few days. Once roots are at least one to two inches long, the cutting can be transferred to a suitable potting mix.
Troubleshooting
While robust, P. quelelii can occasionally encounter common houseplant pests. The most frequent culprits are:
- Spider mites
- Mealybugs
- Thrips
- Aphids
If an infestation is detected, immediately isolate the plant to prevent the spread of pests. Small infestations can be managed by wiping the insects away with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or applying an insecticidal soap.
Many care issues relate to improper environmental conditions. Yellowing leaves are the most common sign of overwatering or a nutrient deficiency. If the leaf tips turn brown and crisp, it indicates that the ambient humidity is too low. Providing the correct balance of light, water, and humidity will prevent most common problems and help the plant thrive.